Soil Chemical Analysis

Shallow groundwater affects terrestrial ecosystems by sustaining river base-flow and root-zone soil water in the absence of rain, but little is known about the global patterns of water table depth and where it provides vital support for land ecosystems We present global observations of water table depth compiled from government archives and literature, and fill in data gaps and infer patterns and processes using a groundwater model forced by modern climate, terrain, and sea level Patterns in water table depth explain patterns in wetlands at the global scale and vegetation gradients at regional and local scales Overall, shallow groundwater influences 22 to 32% of global land area, including ~15% as groundwater-fed surface water features and 7 to 17% with the water table or its capillary fringe within plant rooting depths

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/339/6122/940.full.pdf

Global patterns of groundwater table depth.

Although cadavers constitute the gold standard for teaching anatomy to medical and health science students, there are substantial financial, ethical, and supervisory constraints on their use. In addition, although anatomy remains one of the fundamental areas of medical education, universities have decreased the hours allocated to teaching gross anatomy in favor of applied clinical work. The release of virtual (VR) and augmented reality (AR) devices allows learning to occur through hands-on immersive experiences. The aim of this research was to assess whether learning structural anatomy utilizing VR or AR is as effective as tablet-based (TB) applications, and whether these modes allowed enhanced student learning, engagement and performance. Participants (n = 59) were randomly allocated to one of the three learning modes: VR, AR, or TB and completed a lesson on skull anatomy, after which they completed an anatomical knowledge assessment. Student perceptions of each learning mode and any adverse effects experienced were recorded. No significant differences were found between mean assessment scores in VR, AR, or TB. During the lessons however, VR participants were more likely to exhibit adverse effects such as headaches (25% in VR P < 0.05), dizziness (40% in VR, P < 0.001), or blurred vision (35% in VR, P < 0.01). Both VR and AR are as valuable for teaching anatomy as tablet devices, but also promote intrinsic benefits such as increased learner immersion and engagement. These outcomes show great promise for the effective use of virtual and augmented reality as means to supplement lesson content in anatomical education. Anat Sci Educ 10: 549-559. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.

/pdf/the-effectiveness-of-virtual-and-augmented-reality-in-health-3r4g1nh7ts.pdf

The effectiveness of virtual and augmented reality in health sciences and medical anatomy.

Developing a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based model for predicting water table depth in agricultural areas.

Agricultural land use suitability analysis using GIS and AHP technique

A field study was conducted during 2008 and 2009 to investigate the yield response of onion (Allium cepa L.) to different irrigation intervals and fertigation strategies under drip irrigation. Two irrigation intervals and four fertigation strategies were evaluated. The plant height, bulb diameter and bulb weight were observed to be highest under the combination of two day irrigation interval with fertigation during second half of irrigation duration (I1F3). The highest yield (34.50 t/ha) was also recorded in the same treatment. The crop water use efficiency (CWUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were highest in the I1F3 treatment. Field data revealed that the I1F3 was found to be the best among all the treatments.

Response of drip irrigated onion crop to irrigation intervals and fertigation strategies

We studied few soil physical indicators after eighth cropping cycle of rice-wheat The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with two tillage (rice: puddling vs non-puddling; wheat: conventional tillage vs no-tillage), three water management (rice: submergence vs drainage; wheat: five/three/two irrigations) and nine nutrient (N) management treatments (inorganic vs integrated nutrient management) The bulk density (t m−3) in non-puddled soil (133) was significantly less than puddled soil (159); while mean weight diameter (055 mm) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (043 cm h−1) were higher in the former treatment Irrigation after 3-days of drainage was found to enhance soil aggregation (054 mm) and moisture retention (716%) during rice No-tillage in wheat had overall positive impact Organic sources of nutrients increased soil water retention (biofertilizer for rice), water conductivity and aggregate stability (combined organics for rice and wheat) Interactions between (t

Integrated tillage-water-nutrient management effects on selected soil physical properties in a rice-wheat system in the Indian subcontinent

Nickel-based super alloy (such as Inconel) is widely used in aerospace, nuclear, and chemical industries because of its excellent mechanical and chemical properties at elevated temperatures. Inconel comes under the category of "diffcult-to-cut" materials. In the present case, an experimental investigation on assessing machining performance during EDM of Inconel 601 has been delineated herein. Attempt has been made on evaluating optimal machining parameters setting to achieve satisfactory machining yield. A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology has been adopted to es timate the effect of machining para meters on the response. Experiments have been carried out by varying gap voltage, peak current, pulse-on time (each varied at three discrete levels) to examine the extent of machining performance in terms of material removal rate using Brass and Graphite electrode.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/455/1/012080/pdf

Comparison of machining characteristics of Inconel 601 with Brass and Graphite electrode in EDM using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

A field study was conducted during 1993-94 and 1994-95 on Typic Haplustert to study the influence of rhizobium inoculation, incorporation of FYM and fertilizer N on nodule number and weight, nitrogen fixation in soybean and N balance under soybean-wheat system. The inoculation of rhizobium to seed and incorporation of FYM one week before sowing of soybean increased the seed yield of soybean and grain yield of subsequent wheat. Similarly, inoculation of seed enhanced N fixation and incorporation of FYM left a net positive balance of 40 and 80 kg N, respectively. Though application of excess nitrogen also showed a net positive N balance, it reduced N fixation in soybean. A higher accumulation rate of available N at the all growth stages of soybean was noted with the incorporation of FYM and inoculation of seed over control.

Effect of seed inoculation and FYM on biological N fixation in soybean and nitrogen balance under soybean-wheat system on vertisol

A field experiment was conducted at CIMAP farm, Lucknow during 1997-98 to find out the optimum planting time and row spacing for newly developed variety JKiran' of bergamot Inint (Mentha citrata Ehrh.). The crop planted on 15 and 30 December produced higher total herb yield (356 and 349 q ha-1) but maximum oil yield (167 kg ha-1 )was obtained from 30 January planting. Planting at a closer row spacing of 45 or 60 cm produced higher herb and oil yield than wider row spacing of 75 cm. Planting of bergmnot mint in the end of January at a row spacing of 60 cm is suggested for maximum oil production from crop grown for two harvests. However, for a single harvest, planting in mid February is suggested to enable the farmers to grow bergamot mint in rotation with winter season crops such as potato, mustard and vegetables and also rainy season crops after the harvest of bergamot mint.

Man Singh

Papers

Response of drip irrigated onion crop to irrigation intervals and fertigation strategies

Integrated tillage-water-nutrient management effects on selected soil physical properties in a rice-wheat system in the Indian subcontinent

Comparison of machining characteristics of Inconel 601 with Brass and Graphite electrode in EDM using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Effect of seed inoculation and FYM on biological N fixation in soybean and nitrogen balance under soybean-wheat system on vertisol

Optimum planting time and row spacing for bergamot mint ( Mentha citrata Ehrh.) var. 'Kiran' under sub tropical plains of central Uttar Pradesh