A power load management system for regulating power demand from a distribution panel of a residence or building is disclosed. Load control switches placed in-line between circuit breakers of the distribution panel and the loads they control, such as a water heater, pump, AC unit etc., provide load feedback data to a load management CPU. The load management CPU monitors the load feedback data and other operational parameters for selectively switching load control switches to the open circuit state to ensure that the total load demanded does not exceed the demand limits imposed by the power source. The load management CPU includes adaptive algorithms to automatically prioritize loads based on user and utility applied weighting factors, and patterns of loading based on time and date.

System and method for power load management

A planar electric motor comprising a magnet array having a plurality of magnets with magnetic fields of alternating polarity and a coil array positioned adjacent to the magnet array and operable to interact with said magnetic fields to generate an electromagnetic force between the coil array and the magnet array The coil array includes a first linear coil array having a plurality of polygonal shaped coils extending longitudinally in a first direction, and a second linear coil array having a plurality of oval shaped coils extending longitudinally in a second direction generally orthogonal to said first direction The motor is for use in moving a stage within an exposure apparatus having an optical system for imaging a pattern formed in a reticle onto an article supported by the stage

Planar motor with linear coil arrays

A method of operating a brushless motor having a stationary assembly with at least two different energizable windings for producing spaced apart magnetic fields in time sequence, and a rotor adapted to rotate in response to the magnetic fields. The method includes the steps of simulating rotor position in accordance with the back emf condition of at least one winding, energizing a selected one of the windings in accordance with the simulated rotor position, sensing an underspeed condition when the motor speed is less than a minimum value for a length of time, and preventing energization of any of the windings when the motor speed is less than the minimum value for the length of time. An electrically commutated motor controller apparatus controls the speed of a variable speed motor compressor driven by an electrically commutated motor. A controller circuit includes a circuit for producing feedback signals representative of a back emf of the motor. A compressor speed circuit generates actual compressor speed signals from the feedback signals produced by the controller circuit. A duty cycle generator produces a speed control signal as a function of the actual compressor speed signals, and the speed control signal is transmitted to the controller circuit for adjusting the speed of the electrically commutated motor driven compressor. Other motor controls, refrigeration systems and methods of control and operation are also disclosed.

Motor controls, refrigeration systems and methods of motor operation and control

A method of operating a laundry machine. The machine has a pair of rotatable components and is driven by an electronically commutated motor having a stationary assembly with a plurality of winding stages and also having a rotatable assembly adapted to be selectively coupled to at least one of the rotatable components. In this method, a DC voltage for application to the motor is received, and a first control function is imposed on the operation of the machine to control the application of the DC voltage in accordance with a selected one of a plurality of first waveshapes so as to provide a resultant effective voltage to the motor. A second control function is imposed on the operation of the machine through the controlled application of the DC voltage to selectively set the maximum amplitude of the effective voltage, and the winding stages are commutated by applying the effective voltage thereto in sequence whereby the first and second control function jointly determine the angular velocity of the at least one rotatable component. A laundering apparatus, a control system for an electronically commutated motor, and a method of operating an electronically comutated motor are also disclosed.

Laundering apparatus, method of operating a laundry machine, control system for an electronically commutated motor, method of operating an electronically commutated motor, and circuit

A programmable, closed-loop four quadrant control system for a switched reluctance motor employs feedback control, angle control and current control. The feedback control can be implemented with a speed feedback loop and/or a torque feedback loop. The angle control digitally synchronizes stator phase current pulses with rotor position, and the current control acts as a chopping or bang-bang controller to limit magnitude of the stator phase current pulses.

Control system for switched reluctance motor

An improved speed control arrangement for a brushless d-c motor in which the e.m.f. induced in the stator winding is taken off through diodes to provide an actual value input for a speed control circuit with the take-off diode being coupled through the emitter-collector path of a transistor having its base coupled to the neutral point of the stator windings and in which the control element for controlling speed is placed in the line coupling the neutral point to one terminal of the voltage.

Speed control for an electronic commutated d-c motor

A commutation device for controlling a brushless d-c motor is disclosed. The commutation device includes a regulator circuit for regulating current supplied to the motor by means of a transistor connected between the power source and a commutation circuit. A threshold hysteresis level detector controls the transistor. During current peaks generated in the commutation circuit, the hysteresis of the level detector is increased to provide stable operation of the regulator with different motors and operating voltages.

Control arrangement for a brushless motor

In a stator winding for a miniature brushless dc motor comprising a plurality of component windings designed as frame windings injection molded in plastic and nested together in such a manner that they form a cylinder surrounding the permanent magnet rotor of the motor and which can be inserted into a ring-shaped magnetic yoke without slots, the cylinder is formed, on at least one end, with a tubular extension having radial projections which are adapted to engage corresponding recesses at the housing or end bell of the motor for transmitting the reaction moment acting on the cylinder

Stator winding for a miniature brushless DC motor

Circuit-initiating self-excitation of a three-phase alternator

1. System for controlling the electrical energy consumption, preferably in households, with an electricity meter (Z) which, on the output side, delivers to a load calculator (C) a pulse train, having a frequency which is proportional to the power, with a measurement period generator and with switching elements (s0-s3), which are assigned to the individual energy-consuming apparatus or apparatus groups (10-13), whereby these switching elements are able to be influenced by the load calculator as a result of a comparison between one limiting value dependent on the network load and the determined actual power value for a measurement period under consideration of a priority sequence of the operation, dependent on time, and distributed in a non-volatile memory of the load calculator (C), of the values of the electrical power of the apparatus or appartus groups (10-13) as well as of the time constants of the apparatus or apparatus groups (10-13) determined by the thermal inertia or inertia dependent on the memory quantity, characterized in that to each apparatus or each apparatus groups (10-13) there is assigned a current sensor (20-23) for the current flowing to the apparatus, the output signal of which is led to the load calculator (C) an in that the disconnection and connection of apparatus or apparatus groups (10-13) when reaching the limiting value depending on the piority sequence, as well as on the individual time constant and current flow times thereof, occur in such a way that if the result, because of the time constants and the current flow duration spreading to the disconnection, is that a high-priority apparatus has almost reached its operational end state, whilst a low-priority apparatus is first located in the commencing state, the high-priority apparatus disconnects prematurely and the low-priority apparatus switches and vice versa.

Manfred Liska

Papers

Speed control for an electronic commutated d-c motor

Control arrangement for a brushless motor

Stator winding for a miniature brushless DC motor

Circuit-initiating self-excitation of a three-phase alternator

System for the control of electric energy consumption, preferably domestic