With the proliferation of cellular networks, the ubiquitous availability of new-generation multimedia devices, and their wide-ranging data applications, telecom network operators are increasingly deploying the number of cellular base stations (BSs) to deal with unprecedented service demand. The rapid and radical deployment of the cellular network significantly exerts energy consumption and carbon footprints to the atmosphere. The ultimate objective of this work is to develop a sustainable and environmentally-friendly cellular infrastructure through compelling utilization of the locally available renewable energy sources (RES) namely solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and biomass generator (BG). This article addresses the key challenges of envisioning the hybrid solar PV/WT/BG powered macro BSs in Bangladesh considering the dynamic profile of the RES and traffic intensity in the tempo-spatial domain. The optimal system architecture and technical criteria of the proposed system are critically evaluated with the help of HOMER optimization software for both on-grid and off-grid conditions to downsize the electricity generation cost and waste outflows while ensuring the desired quality of experience (QoE) over 20 years duration. Besides, the green energy-sharing mechanism under the off-grid condition and the grid-tied condition has been critically analyzed for optimal use of green energy. Moreover, the heuristic algorithm of the load balancing technique among collocated BSs has been incorporated for elevating the throughput and energy efficiency (EE) as well. The spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency, and outage probability performance of the contemplated wireless network are substantially examined using Matlab based Monte–Carlo simulation under a wide range of network configurations. Simulation results reveal that the proper load balancing technique pledges zero outage probability with expected system performance whereas energy cooperation policy offers an attractive solution for developing green mobile communications employing better utilization of renewable energy under the proposed hybrid solar PV/WT/BG scheme.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/22/9340/pdf

Renewable Energy-Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks with Load Balancing and Energy-Sharing Technique

An Overview of EEG-based Machine Learning Methods in Seizure Prediction and Opportunities for Neurologists in this Field.

An Overview of EEG-based Machine Learning Methods in Seizure Prediction and Opportunities for Neurologists in this Field

– Border Surveillance system is a major security issue in all nations. In border surveillance systems, wireless sensor networks are one of the most important technologies which are going to play a vital role in future research. Researchers address the variety of challenges and spread the deployment in large areas in real time. In this paper, an overview of the border surveillance system their applied technologies, and the challenges faced during the deployment are discussed. An architectural framework for the border surveillance system is developed and presented. A comprehensive review is conducted with different routing protocols based on the node’s mobility, node’s localization, routing metrics, delay, throughput, energy efficiency, and their network lifetime. Simulation results of various protocols are conducted and presented. This work is intended to identify and focus on recent protocol developments and also opens research issues that need to be investigated in the future.

/pdf/a-survey-on-clustering-algorithms-and-proposed-architectural-19cbvulm.pdf

A Survey on Clustering Algorithms and Proposed Architectural Framework for Border Surveillance System in Wireless Sensor Networks

Rheumatic heart disease has a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality for both men and women in developing countries. It is a complication of autoimmune phenomenon known as acute rheumatic fever in response to group A streptococcus bacteria. It often causes damage to valves and lacks its functionality. Initial manifestations of prolapsed valves are evident in echocardiography in the form of valve bulging, commissural fusion and restricted leaflet motion. However, these echocardiogram images are inevitably degraded by multiplicative noise known as speckle noise at the time of image acquisition and transmission. Hence despeckling is of vital importance for enhancing ultrasound image quality. In this paper, a comparative analysis of well established despeckling filters compiled for speckle suppression and feature enhancement has been performed. In addition to this, the performance of these filters is validated using different quantitative metrics. The experimental result shows that feature enhanced Fast Non-Local Means (FNLM) filter outperforms other state-of-art filtering techniques in the aspect of higher PSNR value and preserves structural similarity in terms of SSIM value near to unity. In conclusion, the preprocessing intends to suppress speckle noise and enhancing perceived visual quality that aids for further development of virtual cardiac model.

Evaluation of Speckle Noise Reduction and Feature Enhancement in Prolapsed Mitral Valve Leaflet Echocardiography

Amongst many imaging modalities available now a days, Ultrasound is the most widely used because of the reasons like radiation free, real time, non-invasive and non-ionizing During patient’s care, medical images, videos & other physiological signals, become an integral part of diagnostic and treatment phases Ultrasound is more advantageous and cheaper than other modalities like MRI, CT, PET Speckle noise present in US hampers the quality of images which in turn considerably increases the difficulty in medical visual inspection The diagnostic accuracy will be more if image is less noisy, this necessitates the use of efficient despeckling filter which will take care of edge detection, loss of information and improve visual evaluation MSE assess the image quality, if the value is high then image quality is poor PSNR is another quality metrics, high value indicates the better denoising algorithm In the present work seven different filters are listed and experimental work is carried out on LEE and Hybrid Median filter (HMF) The experimental result of PSNR and MSE values are considered for evaluation purpose

Efficient Speckle Reduction Techniques in Ultrasound Video Quality Enhancement – A Comparative Evaluation

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is broadly utilized for monitoring epilepsy and plays a key role to revitalize close loop brain. The classical method introduced to find the seizures relies on EEG signals which is complex as well as costly, if channel count increases. This paper introduces the novel method named exponential-squirrel atom search optimization (Exp-SASO) algorithm in order to train the deep RNN for discovering epileptic seizure. Here, the input EEG signal is given to the pre-processing module for enhancing the quality of image by reducing the noise. Then, the pre-processed image is forwarded to the feature extraction module. The features, like statistical features, spectral features, logarithmic band power, wavelet coefficients, common spatial patterns, along with spectral decrease, pitch chroma, tonal power ratio, and spectral flux, are extracted. Once the features are extracted, the feature selection is carried out using fuzzy information gain model for choosing appropriate features for further processing.

Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using Exponential Squirrel Atom Search Optimization-Based Deep Recurrent Neural Network

Concept of Green communication is emerged from negative impact of wireless communication on the environment. Green communication through green networking can be implemented for making cellular network energy efficient. Green network system can be designed by using energy efficient networking approaches with minimum usage of radio resources. Observations from the recent studies suggest that a base station is the principal contributor of the energy consumption in cellular network. This paper presents a brief survey of different types of base stations and various methods to enhance the energy efficiency of a cellular network base station. Lastly, this paper is focusing on a brief introduction of power saving algorithms.

Energy Efficient Cellular Network Base Station: A Survey

Unlike regular wireless networks like Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET) can be exploited instinctively devoid of necessitating any centralized administration or available network infrastructure. In such networks, the mobile nodes perform as relays to assist multi-hop communications and, in most cases, they are accountable for the entire networking functions. MANET is a very challenging task owing to the actuality that these systems may be subjected to attacks causing the network malicious. Among single- server and multi-server authentications, this paper intends to focus on multi-server authentication process in MANET or WSN or any heterogeneous network, which includes a secure protocol that provides a proper communication link between the nodes. In a single server network, both the credentials and authenticating procedure are handled by a single server. On the other hand, in a multi-server network, the credentials and authenticating procedure are handled by separate servers, and hence practically it is more robust against attacks. Hence, this paper develops a security protocol using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) in prime field. By adopting hash function, a secure way for key exchange is provided. Before transmitting the message from one node to another, it has to be ensured whether it is an authorized node or not. For authorizing purpose, a novel authenticating algorithm is developed based on two servers, a master server and normal server. Accordingly, the credentials and the processing steps are separated in such a way that compromising one of the servers never pose any threat to the whole authentication system. Initially, a node should register its credentials to the register centre, and those credentials are distributed to the server by a secure distribution algorithm where no hacking could be possible. The implemented technique is analyzed in terms of cost and security, and the results are obtained.

Manoj S. Nagmode

Papers

Efficient Speckle Reduction Techniques in Ultrasound Video Quality Enhancement – A Comparative Evaluation

Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using Exponential Squirrel Atom Search Optimization-Based Deep Recurrent Neural Network

Energy Efficient Cellular Network Base Station: A Survey

A novel node authentication protocol connected with ECC for heterogeneous network