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Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches

This article reviewed the state-of-the-art applications of the Internet of things (IoT) technology applied in homes for making them smart, automated, and digitalized in many respects. The literature presented various applications, systems, or methods and reported the results of using IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), and geographic information system (GIS) at homes. Because the technology has been advancing and users are experiencing IoT boom for smart built environment applications, especially smart homes and smart energy systems, it is necessary to identify the gaps, relation between current methods, and provide a coherent instruction of the whole process of designing smart homes. This article reviewed relevant papers within databases, such as Scopus, including journal papers published in between 2010 and 2019. These papers were then analyzed in terms of bibliography and content to identify more related systems, practices, and contributors. A designed systematic review method was used to identify and select the relevant papers, which were then reviewed for their content by means of coding. The presented systematic critical review focuses on systems developed and technologies used for smart homes. The main question is ”What has been learned from a decade trailing smart system developments in different fields?”. We found that there is a considerable gap in the integration of AI and IoT and the use of geospatial data in smart home development. It was also found that there is a large gap in the literature in terms of limited integrated systems for energy efficiency and aged care system development. This article would enable researchers and professionals to fully understand those gaps in IoT-based environments and suggest ways to fill the gaps while designing smart homes where users have a higher level of thermal comfort while saving energy and greenhouse gas emissions. This article also raised new challenging questions on how IoT and existing developed systems could be improved and be further developed to address other issues of energy saving, which can steer the research direction to full smart systems. This would significantly help to design fully automated assistive systems to improve quality of life and decrease energy consumption.

A Systematic Content Review of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Applications in Smart Home

Modern electronic devices have become “smart” as well as omnipresent in our day-to-day lives. From small household devices to large industrial machines, smart devices have become very popular in every possible application domain. Smart devices in our homes, offices, buildings, and cities can connect with other devices as well as with the physical world around them. This increasing popularity has also placed smart devices as the center of attention among attackers. Already, several types of malicious activities exist that attempt to compromise the security and privacy of smart devices. One interesting and noteworthy emerging threat vector is the attacks that abuse the use of sensors on smart devices. Smart devices are vulnerable to sensor-based threats and attacks due to the lack of proper security mechanisms available to control the use of sensors by installed apps. By exploiting the sensors (e.g., accelerometer, gyroscope, microphone, light sensor, etc.) on a smart device, attackers can extract information from the device, transfer malware to a device, or trigger a malicious activity to compromise the device. In this paper, we explore various threats and attacks abusing sensors of smart devices for malicious purposes. Specifically, we present a detailed survey about existing sensor-based threats and attacks to smart devices and countermeasures that have been developed to secure smart devices from sensor-based threats. Furthermore, we discuss security and privacy issues of smart devices in the context of sensor-based threats and attacks and conclude with future research directions.

A Survey on Sensor-Based Threats and Attacks to Smart Devices and Applications

Blockchain and the ‘Internet of Things' for the construction industry: research trends and opportunities

Despite the rapid development of the field of Mobile-assisted Language Learning (MALL), research synthesis and systematic meta-analyses on MALL are still lacking It remains unclear how effective mobile devices are for language learning under different conditions Review studies on the overall effectiveness of the latest smart mobile devices are still scant In order to evaluate the learning outcomes of MALL and the impact of moderator variables, we systematically searched journal articles, conference proceedings, and doctoral dissertations published during 2008–2018 and performed a meta-analysis based on a synthesis of 84 effect sizes from 80 experimental and quasi-experimental studies A medium-to-high effect size of 0722 was found for the overall effectiveness of using mobile devices for language learning The findings indicate that the use of mobile devices for language learning is more effective than conventional methods The effects of nine moderator variables were analyzed The target language skill, target language and first/second language were found to be significant moderators Implications for language teaching and research are discussed

The effects of using mobile devices on language learning: a meta-analysis

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an interconnected network of objects which range from simple sensors to smartphones and tablets; it is a relatively novel paradigm that has been rapidly gaining ground in the scenario of modern wireless telecommunications with an expected growth of 25 to 50 billion of connected devices for 2020 Due to the recent rise of this paradigm, authors across the literature use inconsistent terms to address the devices present in the IoT, such as mobile device, smart device, mobile technologies or mobile smart device. Based on the existing literature, this paper chooses the term smart device as a starting point towards the development of an appropriate definition for the devices present in the IoT. This investigation aims at exploring the concept and main features of smart devices as well as their role in the IoT. This paper follows a systematic approach for reviewing compendium of literature to explore the current research in this field. It has been identified smart devices as the primary objects interconnected in the network of IoT, having an essential role in this paradigm. The developed concept for defining smart device is based on three main features, namely context-awareness, autonomy and device connectivity. Other features such as mobility and user-interaction were highly mentioned in the literature, but were not considered because of the nature of the IoT as a network mainly oriented to device-to-device connectivity whether they are mobile or not and whether they interact with people or not. What emerges from this paper is a concept which can be used to homogenise the terminology used on further research in the Field of digitalisation and smart technologies.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40327-018-0063-8.pdf

What is a smart device? - a conceptualisation within the paradigm of the internet of things

The decentralisation of information and high rate of mobile content access in the construction industry provides an ideal scenario for improvement of processes via the implementation of the paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT). Smart devices are considered as the objects interconnected in the IoT; therefore, they play a fundamental role in the implementation of digital solutions during the execution of construction projects. The purpose of this paper is to assess the critical factors for a successful implementation of smart devices in the construction industry.,An empirical study was performed in the Dominican Republic. This country, located at the heart of the Caribbean, presents an economy that strongly relies on the construction industry. Following a systematic approach, a qualitative data collection and analysis was performed based on semi-structured interviews and content analysis to professionals of construction companies in the Dominican Republic, enquiring the concept of smart devices and critical success factors for implementing the devices in the industry.,The key success factors obtained from the contestants were leadership, technology awareness, company size, usability of proposed solution, cost of implementation and interoperability.,This paper provides information to clients of the construction sector regarding the benefits of embedding smart devices into their business activities. Furthermore, this study provides a better understanding of the key factors to be considered by construction organisations when embedding smart devices into their projects. This study also provides recommendations for distinct stakeholders of the construction sector, such as policy makers, clients and technology consultants. Policy makers should especially consider factors such as technology awareness and leadership to develop the right policies for the integration of the IoT in construction projects. Technology consultants should be aware of the latest case studies of successful implementation of smart devices and IoT systems in the world in order to adapt and implement smart devices and IoT in their projects.

/pdf/evaluating-critical-success-factors-for-implementing-smart-3cwt5cmwpn.pdf

Evaluating critical success factors for implementing smart devices in the construction industry

The decentralisation of information and high rate of mobile content access in the construction industry provide an ideal scenario for improvement of processes via the implementation of the paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT). Smart devices are considered as the objects interconnected in the IoT; therefore, they play a fundamental role in the digital transformation of the construction industry. Currently, there is a lack of guidelines regarding the implementation of smart devices for digitalisation in the construction industry. Consequently, this paper aims to provide a set of guidelines for implementing smart devices in the construction industry.,An empirical study was performed in the UK and the Dominican Republic (DR). Following a systematic approach, qualitative data collection and analysis was performed based on semi-structured interviews involving professionals from construction companies in the UK and the DR. Interviews were recorded and subsequently transcribed using Microsoft Word and exported to the software NVivo, where the software was used to find common thematic nodes across all interviews.,The findings encompass drivers, challenges and critical success factors (CSFs) for implementing smart devices in construction project. For both countries, the top five CSFs were leadership, staff training, culture, technology awareness and cost of implementation. These findings were used to develop a strategic framework for implementing smart devices in construction companies. The framework establishes the actors, elements and actions to be considered by construction companies when implementing smart devices.,This paper provides a richer insight into the understanding and awareness of implementing smart devices. A strategic framework for implementing smart devices in the construction industry and providing guidelines for adopting smart devices in construction projects was developed and validated. This study provides a better understanding of the key factors to be considered by construction companies when embedding smart devices into their projects.

Strategic framework for implementing smart devices in the construction industry

On﻿ a﻿ global﻿ scale,﻿ the﻿ construction﻿ sector﻿ is﻿ considered﻿ to﻿ have﻿ a﻿ high﻿ degree﻿ of﻿ decentralised﻿ information.﻿In﻿the﻿Dominican﻿Republic,﻿the﻿construction﻿industry﻿represents﻿the﻿most﻿significant﻿ economic﻿activity﻿in﻿the﻿country.﻿Smart﻿devices﻿and﻿the﻿Internet﻿of﻿Things﻿create﻿an﻿opportunity﻿to﻿ enhance﻿the﻿exchange﻿of﻿information﻿in﻿the﻿construction﻿sector.﻿This﻿article﻿reports﻿on﻿the﻿empirical﻿ findings﻿of﻿ an﻿ investigation﻿ focused﻿on﻿ the﻿ implementation﻿of﻿ smart﻿ devices﻿ in﻿ the﻿AEC﻿sector.﻿ Findings﻿address﻿the﻿status﻿of﻿digitalisation﻿in﻿the﻿construction﻿sector﻿of﻿the﻿construction﻿industry﻿ as﻿well﻿as﻿main﻿utilisations﻿of﻿smart﻿devices.﻿The﻿findings﻿are﻿based﻿on﻿semi-structured﻿interviews﻿ with﻿ fifteen﻿professionals﻿ from﻿nine﻿construction﻿organisations.﻿The﻿article﻿concludes﻿ that﻿ smart﻿ devices﻿increase﻿efficiency﻿in﻿the﻿construction﻿industry﻿of﻿Dominican﻿Republic﻿by﻿adding﻿mobility,﻿ ubiquitous﻿data﻿access,﻿and﻿digitalisation﻿of﻿paperwork. KEywoRDS AEC Sector, Construction Industry, Digitalisation, Internet of Things, Smart Devices

/pdf/utilisation-of-smart-devices-in-the-construction-industry-an-15zkiviq0q.pdf

Manuel Alexander Silverio-Fernandez

Papers

What is a smart device? - a conceptualisation within the paradigm of the internet of things

Evaluating critical success factors for implementing smart devices in the construction industry

Strategic framework for implementing smart devices in the construction industry

Utilisation of Smart Devices in the Construction Industry: An Empirical Study in the Dominican Republic