A novel printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna with bow–tie parasitic cell for the gain enhancement is presented for 5G mobile and wireless communication. The antenna is fed by the substrate integrated waveguide. The gain of the antenna is enhanced using parasitic cell—several bow–tie directors and bow–tie parasitic patches. The adding of bow–tie directors are based on the principle of the quasi-Yagi and the bow–tie antenna. Moreover, the parasitic patches are used to enhance the antenna gain by expanding the transverse radiation aperture of the antenna according to the principle of the antenna array. The proposed antenna has been designed, fabricated, and tested. It can be observed that the PLPDA antenna gain with the parasitic cell is increased about 1-dBi compared with the antenna with the single-sided rectangle directors. And the S11 of the proposed antenna is less than −12 dB, the cross-polarization level is better than −15 dB, and the gain of the presented antenna is 7.3–12.5 dBi over the whole operating frequency range of 40–50 GHz.

High-Gain Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna With Parasitic Cell for 5G Communication

A planar dual band millimeter wave printed monopole antenna and a 2×2 MIMO antenna are presented for 28/38 GHz future 5G wireless communications. The shape of the radiating element of the p...

Dual band omnidirectional millimeter wave antenna for 5G communications

This paper presents the design of $8 \times 8$ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas for future 5G devices, such as smart watches and dongles. Each antenna of the MIMO configuration occupies $3 \times 4$ mm2 and is printed on the top layer of the substrate in the form of a rotated H-shaped patch. The substrate used for the design is a $31.2 \times 31.2 \times 1.57$ mm3, Rogers RT-5880 board, with a dielectric constant of 2.2. The top layer of the substrate has eight MIMO antennas, whereas the bottom layer is composed of ground plane. The ground plane is an electromagnetic bandgap-based structure designed for the enhancement of gain and efficiency. Each antenna is fed from the bottom layer of the substrate through vias to avoid any spurious radiation. The MIMO antennas resonate at 25.2 GHz with a 6-dB percentage bandwidth of 15.6%. The gain attained by the antennas in the entire bandwidth is above 7.2 dB with a maximum value of 8.732 dB at the resonant frequency. Likewise, the value of efficiency attained by the antennas in the entire bandwidth is above 65% with a maximum value of 92.7% at the resonant frequency. The simulation and measurement results have substantiated a good performance of the MIMO antennas, thus making them suitable for compact 5G devices.

MIMO Antennas for Smart 5G Devices

A novel circularly polarized (CP) complementary source antenna with endfire radiation is proposed in Ka-band. With the existence of two antipodal notches etched at the edges of the two broad walls of an open-ended substrate-integrated waveguide, two orthogonal electric field components radiated from the equivalent magnetic current, and the electric currents separately can be excited simultaneously. The magnitude and phase differences between the two filed components can be controlled effectively by properly tuning the dimensions of the notches. The operating mechanism and the design procedure of the antenna are analyzed in detail. Wide −10 dB impedance and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths of 64% and 51%, a gain varying from 3.1 to 6.4 dBic, and the symmetrical radiation pattern are obtained. In order to further increase the gain and front-to-back ratio (FTBR) of the antenna, a dielectric rod structure is then integrated with the antenna. An overlapped operating bandwidth of 41%, an improved gain up to 12 dBic and the stable radiation pattern with an FTBR close to 20 dB are verified by a fabricated prototype. The antenna presented in this paper provides a new mean to design the wideband endfire CP antenna with a simple configuration, which would be attractive for future millimeter-wave wireless systems.

Millimeter-Wave Wideband Circularly Polarized Planar Complementary Source Antenna With Endfire Radiation

An energy-efficient 5G phased array incorporating a novel vertically polarized (V-pol) endfire planar folded slot antenna (PFSA) for user devices (UE) is presented. First, we analytically amend existing millimeter-wave (mmWave) hybrid beamforming architectures that have precluded the uniqueness of 5G antennas and UEs. The total power consumption of the derived switchable 5G UE antenna system is estimated to be reduced by approximately 70% in comparison with a recently reported fully digital mmWave 5G UE antenna system under identical conditions. This is attributed to the ability to deactivate certain RF chains based on the directive nature of antenna elements. The PFSA featuring a height profile of less than 1/ $9~\lambda _{ {0}}$ is derived from a planar folded slot structure. The designed and fabricated $1\times 4$ PFSA array features an impedance bandwidth of approximately 4 GHz with a center frequency of 37–39 GHz and the gain of 7.7 dBi with antenna efficiency of 94.12% at 39 GHz. An mmWave 5G beamforming module is demonstrated using the presented energy-efficient 5G beamforming architecture and V-pol endfire PFSA array. The fabricated module achieves a measured EIRP of 18.2 dBm and a scanning range of ±50° in azimuth at 28 GHz.

Energy-Efficient 5G Phased Arrays Incorporating Vertically Polarized Endfire Planar Folded Slot Antenna for mmWave Mobile Terminals

A single-layer circularly polarized (CP) antenna with omnidirectional radiation in the azimuth plane has been designed and evaluated. The concept is the combination of multiple identical endfire CP antenna elements in a circular array configuration. The design of each element is based on the superposition of two closely spaced complementary current sources, which are, respectively, realized by a sectorial parallel-plate cavity and arc-shaped strip arms. A meandered double-sided parallel strip line is introduced to adjust the phase relationship between two orthogonal linear polarized components. All antenna elements can be simultaneously excited by adopting a single coaxial probe in the center of the overall structure. Take 5.8-GHz Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band applications (5.725–5.875 GHz), for example, a prototype with a diameter of $0.62\lambda _{0}$ and a low profile of $0.029\lambda _{0}$ was fabricated. Experimental results show that the designed antenna has a usable bandwidth from 5.68 to 5.91 GHz (the common overlapped bandwidth limited by the −10 dB $\vert S_{11}\vert $ and the 3-dB axial ratio). Within the operation band, good omnidirectivity and a wide coverage can be obtained.

A Low-Profile Omnidirectional Circularly Polarized Antenna Using Planar Sector-Shaped Endfire Elements

A single-layer single-fed endfire antenna with circularly polarized radiation has been designed and evaluated. The concept is the superposition of two closely spaced complementary dipoles. In terms of implementations, a shorted parallel-plate cavity serves as the magnetic dipole, while double-side-printed conductor arms act as the electric dipole. To satisfy the required magnitude/phase relationship between two dipoles, a T-shaped double side slot-coupled line and a meandered double-side parallel strip line are introduced. With analyses of equivalent models, the operation mechanism and design guidelines can be obtained. Taking 5.8-GHz ISM band (5.725–5.875 GHz) for example, the measured results show that the designed antenna has an impedance bandwidth $({| {S_{11}} | from 5.7 to 5.9 GHz (3.5%) and a 3-dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth from 5.65 to 5.9 GHz (4.3%). The effective beamwidth in the azimuth/elevation plane is 85°/168° at 5.8 GHz.

Single-Layer Circularly Polarized Antenna With Fan-Beam Endfire Radiation

A single-layer bidirectional antenna that provides circularly polarized (CP) radiation of the same sense in both of the hemispheres has been designed and evaluated. The concept is the combination of two identical endfire CP antenna elements in a back-to-back configuration. The design of each element is based on the superposition of two closely spaced complementary dipoles connected by phase delay line. A single coaxial probe can be used to simultaneously excite the two elements. Taking 5.8-GHz ISM band applications (5.725–5.875 GHz), for example, experimental results show the designed antenna has a usable bandwidth from 5.72 to 5.88 GHz (the common overlapped bandwidth limited by the 3-dB axial ratio and −10-dB | $S_{11}$ |). The overall antenna size is only ${0.53\lambda }_{{0}} \times 0.47\lambda _{{0}}$ with a low profile of $\rm{0.029\lambda }_{\rm{0}}$ .

Single-Layer Single-Fed Endfire Antenna With Bidirectional Circularly Polarized Radiation of the Same Sense

A novel high gain printed log-periodic dipole antenna with parasitic cell, based on the substrate integrated waveguide technologies is presented. This antenna is fed by SIW which simplifies the structure and reduces the losses. The gain is improved through adding the directors and parasitic patches at the end of the shortest log-periodic dipole cell in the antenna combining the technologies about quasi-yagi and log-periodic dipole antenna. Simulation and experimental results show that the return loss is less than −15dB over the entire bandwidth(40–50 GHz) of the antenna. And the simulation gain is 9.1–12.6dBi. The antenna exhibits gain enhancement of 2.3–3.4dB in comparison with the traditional printed log-periodic antenna.

Mao Ye

Papers

High-Gain Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna With Parasitic Cell for 5G Communication

A Low-Profile Omnidirectional Circularly Polarized Antenna Using Planar Sector-Shaped Endfire Elements

Single-Layer Circularly Polarized Antenna With Fan-Beam Endfire Radiation

Single-Layer Single-Fed Endfire Antenna With Bidirectional Circularly Polarized Radiation of the Same Sense

Novel high gain printed log-periodic dipole antenna