‘Polyaniline’: Protonic acid doping of the emeraldine form to the metallic regime

Polyaniline: a polymer with many interesting intrinsic redox states

Polyaniline: A historical survey

Noncarbon support materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrocatalysts.

Recent advances in polyaniline research: Polymerization mechanisms, structural aspects, properties and applications

“Polyaniline” has been synthesized in various forms both chemically and electrochemically in aqueous media. The qulnoid-benzenoid-diimine form, an insulator, is doped by dilute aqueous protonic acids to the metallic regime ([sgrave] = 5 ohm−1cm−1; compressed pellet) to give the corresponding iminium salt. This represents a new type of p-doping phenomenon in a conducting polymer. Both these forms are stable in the presence of air and/or water. The doping process is reversed by treatment with aqueous alkali. Cyclic voltammetry studies in an aqueous electrolyte show excellent reversibility between selected reduced and oxidized forms of polyaniline.

Marc Halpern

Papers

“Polyaniline”: Interconversion of Metallic and Insulating Forms