‘Polyaniline’: Protonic acid doping of the emeraldine form to the metallic regime

Polyaniline: a polymer with many interesting intrinsic redox states

Polyaniline: A historical survey

Noncarbon support materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrocatalysts.

Recent advances in polyaniline research: Polymerization mechanisms, structural aspects, properties and applications

“Polyaniline” has been synthesized in various forms both chemically and electrochemically in aqueous media. The qulnoid-benzenoid-diimine form, an insulator, is doped by dilute aqueous protonic acids to the metallic regime ([sgrave] = 5 ohm−1cm−1; compressed pellet) to give the corresponding iminium salt. This represents a new type of p-doping phenomenon in a conducting polymer. Both these forms are stable in the presence of air and/or water. The doping process is reversed by treatment with aqueous alkali. Cyclic voltammetry studies in an aqueous electrolyte show excellent reversibility between selected reduced and oxidized forms of polyaniline.

“Polyaniline”: Interconversion of Metallic and Insulating Forms

Current rapid-scan FT-IR instrumentation allows medium resolution (16 cm−1) infrared spectra to be acquired and separately stored at a rate of 85 spectra per second with excellent signal-to-noise ratio This corresponds to a time resolution of about 12 ms Higher spectral resolutions are possible at a cost of some spectrometer speed Rapid-scan FT-IR provides a means by which the course of electrochemical reactions can be followed and, unlike digital time-resolved and double-modulation FT-IR, this method is not limited to reversible reactions and may be used with impunity by the nonspecialist We examine several examples of irreversible electrochemical processes including solution-phase redox chemistry, electropolymerizations, and doping reactions of conducting polymers

Dynamic FT-IR. Part I: Rapid-Scan Methods in Spectroelectrochemistry

Photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy of doped and undoped poly(p-phenylene)

Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic (FT-IR-PA) spectroscopy has been used to obtain the first published infrared spectrum of a heavily n-doped polyacetylene. Comparisons are made with the FT-IR-PA spectrum of undoped polyacetylene. All the infrared peaks in the FT-IR-PA spectrum of undoped polyacetylene agree in wavelength to ±10 cm−1 with transmission infrared peaks previously assigned by Shirakawa and Ikeda. Spectral shifts and intensity differences between the n-doped and undoped polyacetylene are similar to changes noted previously in the infrared spectra of p-doped polyacetylenes.

Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Conducting Polymers. I. Undoped and n -Doped Polyacetylene

The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of polyacetylene (CH)x lightly doped with iodine is presented and compared with the spectrum of heavily n‐doped (CH)x. A model of charge‐transfer in doped (CH)x is proposed involving soliton and radical ion states at low and high dopant concentrations, respectively.

Stuart I. Yaniger

Papers

“Polyaniline”: Interconversion of Metallic and Insulating Forms

Dynamic FT-IR. Part I: Rapid-Scan Methods in Spectroelectrochemistry

Photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy of doped and undoped poly(p-phenylene)

Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Conducting Polymers. I. Undoped and n -Doped Polyacetylene

Infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy of conducting polymers. II. P‐doped polyacetylene