Showing papers by "Marcia Russell published in 1996"

Work-family conflict, gender, and health-related outcomes: a study of employed parents in two community samples.

Abstract: On the basis of identity theory and research on sex role socialization, it was predicted that both work interfering with family (W-->F conflict) and family interfering with work (F-->W conflict) are uniquely related to depression, poor physical health, and heavy alcohol use (Hypothesis 1). It also was predicted that gender would moderate these relationships, such that W-->F conflict is more strongly related to the outcomes among women (Hypothesis 2a) and F-->W conflict is more strongly related to the outcomes among men (Hypothesis 2b). Survey data were obtained from 2 random community samples of employed parents (Ns = 496 and 605). Hierarchical regression analyses supported Hypothesis 1 but failed to support Hypotheses 2a and 2b.

Detecting risk drinking during pregnancy: a comparison of four screening questionnaires

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the efficacy of screening for risk drinking during pregnancy with two brief questionnaires, TWEAK and T-ACE. Both include an assessment of tolerance based on the number of drinks women report they can hold. METHODS: Subjects were disadvantaged African-American obstetric patients in Detroit, Mich. Traditional alcoholism screens (Michigan Alcohol Screening Test [MAST], CAGE) and the tolerance question were administered (n = 2717); TWEAK and T-ACE were constructed from tolerance and embedded MAST and CAGE items. In a separate sample (n = 1420), only the T-ACE was administered. Periconceptional risk drinking was the gold standard. Screen evaluations were based on receiver-operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS: At the cutpoint of 2, sensitivity/specificity for embedded screens were 91/77 for TWEAK and 88/79 for T-ACE; comparable values for T-ACE alone were 67/86. TWEAK and T-ACE screened more effectively than CAGE or MAST. CONCLUSIONS: Embedded versions of TWEAK and T-A...

Financial stress, social support, and alcohol involvement: a longitudinal test of the buffering hypothesis in a general population survey.

Abstract: This study examined whether specific facets of social support (tangible assistance, appraisal, and belonging) moderate the relationship between a specific type of stress (financial stress) and alcohol involvement (drinking to cope, heavy drinking, and alcohol problems). Data were derived from a community sample stratified by education and race. Respondents (N = 1,040) were interviewed in 1986 and 1989 and had drunk alcohol during the year preceding both interviews. Results supported the buffering influence of tangible support on the financial stress-alcohol involvement relationship. In contrast, neither appraisal nor belonging support consistently revealed a buffering pattern. These findings indicate the importance of taking into account specific components of social support when examining the relationship between specific sources of life stress and alcohol involvement.

Re: "Reliability of alcohol intake as recalled from 10 years in the past".

Abstract: The recent article of Liu et al. (1) describes the reliability of alcohol intake as recalled from 10 years in the past in a cohort of 2,907 US adults. Individuals were categorized into \"very light,\" \"light,\" \"moderate,\" or \"heavy\" drinkers according to their self-reported baseline and recalled alcohol intake. The authors estimate the accuracy of recalled alcohol intake using the intake at baseline as the \"gold standard.\" Yet, in the Discussion, they briefly note that reported intake at baseline may not be free of reporting error. Indeed, an error-free gold standard for self-reported alcohol intake is badly lacking. Instead of relying on the baseline reports, a latent class approach could be used (2-4) to explore reporting errors of both recalled intake and intake reported at baseline. By this approach, individuals are assumed to belong to an unknown true category of very light, light, moderate, or heavy drinkers. By estimating the misclassification rates (error probabilities) within these true latent drinking categories, the accuracy of recalled intake and intake at baseline can be assessed. We have taken the liberty to use one of the authors' tables (table 2, \"Correspondence between alcohol intake reported at baseline ... and at follow-up\" in men (totals)) to explore the data by two latent class models, herein presented as tables 1 and 2. Because we have only two replicates per individual, constraints are required for the estimation of the error probabilities (2). The analyses were performed using the CDAS° software (5).