This chapter is devoted to Mathematical Models (MM) of Digital Half-Tone Images (DHTI) and their
video-sequences presented as causal multi-dimensional Markov Processes (MP) on discrete meshes.
The difficulties of MM development for DHTI video-sequences of Markov type are shown. These difficulties are related to the enormous volume of computational operations required for their realization.
The method of MM-DHTI construction and their statistically correlated video-sequences on the basis
of the causal multi-dimensional multi-value MM is described in detail. Realization of such operations
is not computationally intensive; Markov models from the second to fourth order demonstrate this. The
proposed method is especially effective when DHTI is represented by low-bit (4-8 bits) binary numbers.

Mathematical Models of Video-Sequences of Digital Half-Tone Images

This paper describes a novel software engineering approach for designing self-healing systems to manage business processes with particular focus on the recovery from faults caused by uncertainty and semantic failures of data. By the employment of service-oriented software engineering methods, mediation, service discovery, and late binding, we externalize and decentralize autonomic managers, thereby providing support for autonomic orchestration of services and hence autonomic adaptation of the business process in the response to failures. The complexity of the resulting self-healing business process manager is reduced as the system is decomposed into a large number of small and thus easy to maintain components, each implementing a very simple behavior. Similar to systems occurring in nature, the dynamic, composition of these small components spontaneously leads to sophisticated healing capabilities.

Towards mediation-based self-healing of data-driven business processes

nowadays, several non-automatic or semi-automatic software architecture evaluation methods have been proposed to evaluate their quality attributes as availability. In spite of their applicability, they are not effective in self-adaptive software architectures due to their off-line properties; e.g., scenario-based methods. Since the architectural tactics provide a bridge between architectural designs and quality attributes, they have sufficient potential to resolve this problem. In this paper, we assume that the software architecture is completely composed of some architectural patterns. Then we propose an automated evaluation method which composes the architectural tactics and the patterns to measure the availability of software architectures. In this method, the composition of a few availability tactics and patterns are simulated with appropriate probability distribution functions. To predict the availability of patterns, a data mining approach is applied to these simulated models to generate training models for each combination of tactics and patterns. Furthermore, a utility function is defined to compute the availability of systems by these models in O(n) where n is the number of patterns of systems. This method improves the data gathering and analysis activities of the SASSY (Self-Architecting Software SYstems) framework. To validate our method, we have applied it to the Rapidminer case study. KeywordsAvailability, Self-Adaptive Architecture, Architectural Tactic, Architectural Pattern, Data Mining.

/pdf/towards-a-tactic-based-evaluation-of-self-adaptive-software-28tp1rfjg8.pdf

Towards a Tactic-Based Evaluation of Self-Adaptive Software Architecture Availability.

We propose a self-adaptive process (SAP) that maintains the software architecture quality using the MAPE-K standard model. The proposed process can be plugged into various software development processes and service-oriented methodologies due to its explicitly defined inputs and outputs. To this aim, the proposed SAP is integrated with the service-oriented modeling and application (SOMA) methodology in a two-layered structure to create a novel methodology, named self-adaptive service-oriented architecture methodology (SASOAM), which provides a semi-automatic self-aware method by the composition of architectural tactics. Moreover, the maintenance activity of SOMA is improved using architectural and adaptive patterns, which results in controlling the software architecture quality. The improvement in the maintainability of SOMA is demonstrated by an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based evaluation method. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied to a case study to represent the feasibility and practicality of SASOAM.

Towards a self-adaptive service-oriented methodology based on extended SOMA

Adaptivity and systems-of-systems (SoS) have always had a close relationship, as it is one of their defining features. Moreover, there is a clear similarity between the requirements of a SoS and those of many adaptive systems, such as autonomic and self-adaptive systems. In recent years, this kind of adaptive systems has been carefully studied; however, they often operate at a very different scale, being smaller than a typical SoS. The common nexus between both perspectives seem to be situated at the architectural level: the same adaptive techniques are recursively applied in different strata in a hierarchical composite. Therefore, the principles embodied in adaptive architectures seem to provide a good basis for the definition and description of SoS. This paper relates those principles to the corresponding structures in software evolution, and suggests to coordinate both through a pace layering strategy.

On self-adaptation in systems-of-systems

The study of adaptivity, i.e., the capability to react to changes in the environment, is becoming ever more important in many fields of study, and in the development of software in particular. This paper presents a systematic review in which both the extension and complexity of this notion are examined. After studying the influence from external fields, this review checks the hypothesis of using the scope of service-oriented architecture as a comparable model for the whole field. As part of the systematic review, the influence of the most relevant bibliography is considered, and the terminology is clarified.

/pdf/a-systematic-review-of-self-adaptation-in-service-oriented-saxbxmwis3.pdf

A Systematic Review of Self-adaptation in Service-oriented Architectures

Development of mobile applications is a complex task due to the specific characteristics of the environment. Although different proposals to offer more practical and systematic processes have been published within the so-called mobile software engineering, it is still necessary to devise more advanced methods, especially in the area of software quality assurance. This chapter presents a set of practices to support quality control by developers based on the adoption of methods from traditional software engineering focused on effective requirements specification and associated methods for generating practical testing procedures.

María del Pilar Romay

Papers

A Systematic Review of Self-adaptation in Service-oriented Architectures

Requirements Specification as Basis for Mobile Software Quality Assurance