Marian Simka

TL;DR: It is confirmed that multiple sclerosis is stronghly associated with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and these abnormalities in the extracranial veins draining the central nervous system can exist in various combinations.

TL;DR: Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) adjuvant therapy has been shown to increase significantly the number of healed venous leg ulcers and to reduce significantly the healing time of ulcers compared with conventional therapy alone, potentially leading to an improvement in patients’ quality of life.

TL;DR: The procedures appeared to be safe and well tolerated by the patients, regardless of the actual impact of the endovascular treatments for venous pathology on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis, which warrants long-term follow-up.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that pathological refluxing venous flow in the cerebral and spinal veins increases the expression of adhesion molecules, particularly intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), by the cerebrovascular endothelium, which could lead to the increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

TL;DR: The ISNVD position statement presents the MR imaging and intravascular US protocols for the first time and describes refined color Doppler US and CV protocols and emphasizes the need for the use of for noninvasive and invasive multimodal imaging to diagnose adequately and monitor extracranial venous abnormalities indicative of CCSVI.