The reference human genome sequence set the stage for studies of genetic variation and its association with human disease, but epigenomic studies lack a similar reference. To address this need, the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium generated the largest collection so far of human epigenomes for primary cells and tissues. Here we describe the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes generated as part of the programme, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression. We establish global maps of regulatory elements, define regulatory modules of coordinated activity, and their likely activators and repressors. We show that disease- and trait-associated genetic variants are enriched in tissue-specific epigenomic marks, revealing biologically relevant cell types for diverse human traits, and providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease. Our results demonstrate the central role of epigenomic information for understanding gene regulation, cellular differentiation and human disease.

Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes

Thereisgrowinginterestinthepossiblehealththreatposedbyendocrine-disruptingchemicals (EDCs), which are substances in our environment, food, and consumer products that interfere with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action resulting in a deviation from normal homeostatic control or reproduction. In this first Scientific Statement of The Endocrine Society, we present the evidence that endocrine disruptors have effects on male and female reproduction, breast development and cancer, prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism and obesity, and cardiovascular endocrinology. Results from animal models, human clinical observations, and epidemiological studies converge to implicate EDCs as a significant concern to public health. The mechanisms of EDCs involve divergent pathways including (but not limited to) estrogenic, antiandrogenic, thyroid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor , retinoid, and actions through other nuclear receptors; steroidogenic enzymes; neurotransmitter receptors and systems; and many other pathways that are highly conserved in wildlife and humans, and which can be modeled in laboratory in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, EDCs represent a broad class of molecules such as organochlorinated pesticides and industrial chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, fuels, and many other chemicals that are present in the environment or are in widespread use. We make a number of recommendations to increase understanding of effects of EDCs, including enhancing increased basic and clinical research, invoking the precautionary principle, and advocating involvement of individual and scientific society stakeholders in communicating and implementing changes in public policy and awareness. (Endocrine Reviews 30: 293–342, 2009)

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Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

For decades, studies of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology, in particular the dogma of “the dose makes the poison,” because EDCs can have effects at low doses that are not predicted by effects at higher doses. Here, we review two major concepts in EDC studies: low dose and nonmonotonicity. Low-dose effects were defined by the National Toxicology Program as those that occur in the range of human exposures or effects observed at doses below those used for traditional toxicological studies. We review the mechanistic data for low-dose effects and use a weight-of-evidence approach to analyze five examples from the EDC literature. Additionally, we explore nonmonotonic dose-response curves, defined as a nonlinear relationship between dose and effect where the slope of the curve changes sign somewhere within the range of doses examined. We provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms responsible for generating these phenomena, plus hundreds of examples from...

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Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses

Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA).

physical activity and cancer fact sheet national cancer on this page what is physical activity what is known about the relationship between physical activity and cancer risk how might physical activity be, diet and cancer report american institute for cancer the american institute for cancer research aicr is the cancer charity that fosters research on diet and cancer prevention and educates the public about the results, download resources and toolkits world cancer research downloads for scientists from the wcrf aicr third expert report diet nutrition physical activity and cancer a global perspective, nutritional science university of washington school of public health school of public health nutritional science detailed course offerings time schedule are available for spring quarter 2019, 2019 aicr research conference american institute for about aicr we fund cutting edge research and give people practical tools and information to help them prevent and survive cancer more about aicr, agence fruits et l gumes frais aprifel the global fruit and veg newsletter is a monthly newsletter distributing to 29 countries involved in the promotion of the consumption of fruit and vegetable worldwide, world cancer research fund international we are experts in cancer prevention we analyse global research on diet nutrition physical activity cancer and make public health policy recommendations, the fractions of cancer attributable sciencedirect com a proportion of cancers at many body sites are attributable to potentially modifiable factors no global summaries of the preventable cancer burden have been, who controlling the global obesity epidemic more information obesity and overweight fact sheet who global strategy on diet physical activity and health who global database on body mass index, espen guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients gl nutrition in cancer patients outline o methods o1 basic information o2 methods o3 post publication impact a background a1 catabolic alterations in, un news global perspective human stories un news produces daily news content in arabic chinese english french kiswahili portuguese russian and spanish and weekly programmes in hindi urdu and bangla, recommended community strategies and measurements to table continued summary of recommended community strategies and measurements to prevent obesity in the united states strategies to encourage physical, food as medicine preventing treating the most dreaded food as medicine preventing treating the most dreaded diseases with diet, video resources bc cancer these videos help patients learn about their cancer and its treatment, prostate cancer nutrition and dietary supplements pdq nutrition methods and dietary supplements have been studied for prostate cancer prevention or treatment read about the history of research laboratory, who europe food safety food safety ingestion and handling of contaminated food causes significant illness and death worldwide across the who european region foodborne diseases, creating healthy food and eating environments policy and food and eating environments likely contribute to the increasing epidemic of obesity and chronic diseases over and above individual factors such as knowledge skills, health risks obesity prevention source harvard t h obesity and reproduction obesity can influence various aspects of reproduction from sexual activity to conception among women the association between, top nutrition schools undergraduate degree programs ncr want to know the top nutrition schools and best undergraduate degree programs here we review analyze rank rate them figure out which is best for you , overeating caloric restriction and breast cancer risk by this study analyzes the association of excessive energy intake and caloric restriction with breast cancer bc risk taking into account the individual, calcium what s best for your bones and health the possible increased risk of ovarian cancer high levels of galactose a sugar released by the digestion of lactose in milk have been studied as being, cancer protocol nutrition supplements cancer protocol nutrition supplements herbs enzymes note do not email me unless you would like a personalized protocol free with a suggested donation of 250

Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer : a Global Perspective : 食物、栄養、身体活動とがんの予防 : 世界的展望(後篇)

Introduction: Endocrine disruptors are a wide group of chemicals, with diverse structures, capable of interfering with the endocrine system. These chemicals are present in several items, such as plastics, recycled paper, pesticides and cosmetics. Several studies have reported adverse health effects derived from the exposure to endocrine disruptors, e.g. reproductive disorders and higher rate of certain types of cancer. Objective: To gather information concerning the exposure of the Spanish general population to endocrine disruptors. Methodology: Systematic review of the publications indexed in the last 5 years concerning human exposure to endocrine disruptors in samples of general population from Spain. Discussion/Conclusions: From this review, we concluded that the Spanish population is frequently exposed to endocrine disruptors, due to the presence of detectable levels of these chemicals in different samples of population. The introduction of new substances in the market, as well as the lack of scientific studies that explore the combined effect of multiple chemicals, make the exposure a problem for Public Health.

ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Exposición humana a compuestos con actividad disruptora endocrina en la población española Human Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in the Spanish population

Desde la definicion de alteradores endocrinos en la conferencia de Wingspread en eI ano 1991, los avances en esta area han sido muchos y el conocimiento cientifico tanto desde el punto de vista de la ecologia como de la epidemiologia ha progresado de manera exponencial en estos 25 anos. No obstante, aun quedan aspectos que necesitan ser investigados en profundidad como por ejemplo la existencia de umbrales de seguridad y de curvas dosis-respuesta no monotonicas, los mecanismos involucrados en la exposicion a bajas dosis, la importancia de considerar periodos criticos de exposicion, y/o la necesidad de incorporar en los disenos experimentales la exposicion a multiples compuestos que podrian actuar a traves de mecanismos de accion comunes.

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Bisfenol-A: un ejemplo paradigmático en alteración endocrina

PFAS Association with Kisspeptin and Sex Hormones in Teenagers of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies

Ahora que la comunidad científica ha hecho accesible al público más información y de mejor calidad sobre la exposición humana a residuos de compuestos orgánicos persistentes se reaviva la sospecha de que aún queda mucho por conocer en términos de exposición y sus consecuencias sobre la salud. Nos encontramos, casi a diario, con nuevas publicaciones científicas que advierten sobre la exposición humana a compuestos químicos persistentes y no persistentes, rara vez bioacumulables, que acceden al organismo humano por vías tan distintas como la alimentaria, la aérea o la dérmica, y que provienen de alimentos, agua, suelos, cosméticos y fármacos. En consecuencia, la nómina de residuos de estos compuestos o de sus metabolitos detectados en sangre, tejidos o fluidos corporales se incrementa al mismo ritmo que nuevas técnicas analíticas se hacen disponibles y nuevos consorcios de investigación interdisciplinar se constituyen. Mientras que nuevos trabajos epidemiológicos tratan de establecer asociaciones entre la exposición y sus consecuencias sobre la salud humana no queda más que actuar con cautela, tratando de disminuir la exposición de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del principio de precaución.

Mariana F. Fernández

Papers

ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Exposición humana a compuestos con actividad disruptora endocrina en la población española Human Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in the Spanish population

Bisfenol-A: un ejemplo paradigmático en alteración endocrina

PFAS Association with Kisspeptin and Sex Hormones in Teenagers of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies

Exposición materno-infantil a disruptores endocrinos

Xenoestrógenos y cáncer de mama