There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Currently, Edge computing (EC) paradigm is adopted to provision the low-latency resources for the massive real-time services in Internet of vehicles (IoV). To alleviate the QoE (Quality of Experience) degradation of the vehicular users due to the uncertainties (e.g., resource conflicts and communicating interruption), software-defined network (SDN) is involved in the EC-enabled IoV to manage the cooperative operation of distributed edge nodes (ENs). However, the increasing privacy leakage for the IoV service offloading causes the disclosure of the sensitive information, including driving location, personal information of the driver, etc. Moreover, the regulation of SDN is practically insufficient, as the general control is incompetent to maintain balanced operation with the premise of efficient service utility. In view of these challenges, a secure s ervice o ffloading me thod, named SOME, is designed to promote IoV service utility and edge utility, meanwhile ensuring privacy security, in SDN-enabled EC. Specifically, an SDN-based framework for IoV service management is developed to address the inherent uncertainty of edge network by SDN controllers. Besides, the locality-sensitive-hash (LSH) is leveraged to realize utility- and privacy-aware service selection. Eventually, comparative experiments are implemented to verify the effectiveness of SOME.

Secure Service Offloading for Internet of Vehicles in SDN-Enabled Mobile Edge Computing

Abstract The European Union promotes the paradigm of ecological modernization and the effectiveness of eco-innovations (European Environment Agency, 2014). This is evident, in particular, from the political and financial support that the Institution is devoting to smart cities. Thus far, most of the ‘smart’ projects developed in European cities focus on the theme of the environment and its efficient management (European Union, 2014). However, what has not yet been adequately investigated is the issue of the social impact of these smart environmental projects (Beretta, 2014a, b, c). In particular, what seems important is the question of whether the projects with environmental objectives also yield beneficial results from the social point of view, with special reference to the issue of social inclusion. Who are the real beneficiaries of the projects of eco-innovation? Do the benefits extend to all citizens or are they likely to go to only some sectors of the population, often the wealthier ones, risking - among other things - promotion of the phenomenon of eco-gentrification? In more general terms, can we say that smart cities represent the ‘ideal’ settings for the achievement of simultaneous environmental, economic and social development? This paper reports results from research conducted on smart environmental projects implemented in Italy and posted on the national web platform italiansmartcity.it. The project consisted in a qualitative analysis of the environmental projects presented, in order to analyze their social impacts, especially referring to the question of social inclusiveness and the risk of eco-gentrification. More generally, the analysis helps clarify whether the eco -innovations represent an effective tool for achieving sustainable development in the Italian context. Having said that, it cannot be assumed that readers are familiar with the European and Italian contexts. Par. 1 opens with a table that gives definitions of terms which are potentially not clear. It then shows ways that the European Union is institutionalizing eco-innovation and smart cities, remaining on the latest debate on them. Par. 2 highlights the risk of the technological rut the European Union is falling into; par. 3 illustrates the main results of research carried out on the smart cities in the Lombardy Region regarding the social effects of eco-innovations; par. 4 attempts to draw a provisional conclusion.

The Social Effects of Eco-Innovations in Italian Smart Cities

The paper investigates the aviation sector, as a case in point for a Smart environment and as an example for Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0 purposes. In the smart complex environments, a systemic vision of the elements, which act and are acted within a given territory, should be the basis of a hypothesis of joint growth. Indeed, the synergies activated by the system can be seen as the product of the application of a particular knowledge-based open innovation strategy, as an orientation capable of transforming theoretical assumptions into concrete operational innovation paths. Through the evidence emerged from an important case study and the application of an MCDA methodology, we have tried to identify which are the optimal solutions for the implementation of the new human-centric logics of I5.0, analyzing them on the basis of the actual benefits for the ecosystem, going beyond the self-referential aptitude of the firm to instill technological changes and managerial visions. Knowledge circulation, dialogue between sub-systems, and the ability to adapt technology and entrepreneurial strategies to the environment in which it operates (with the users as first stakeholders) seem to be necessary practices in knowledge-based innovation, prioritization, and decision-making processes, for smart, sustainable, and inclusive solutions.

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Smart Environments and Techno-centric and Human-Centric Innovations for Industry and Society 5.0: A Quintuple Helix Innovation System View Towards Smart, Sustainable, and Inclusive Solutions

A DEMATEL analysis of smart city determinants

Rapid urbanization, high city population growth rates, technological development, environmental impacts, and human wellbeing in urban areas have over the years become increasingly challenging concerns. These trends are related to the complex, multiple factors to be considered when evaluating “smart” cities, that is, municipalities that seek to improve residents’ quality of life by combining new technologies and environmentally sustainable practices. The above tendencies thus add to the myriad of indicators that need to be included in smart city assessments, whose intricacy hinders related decision-making processes. Based on the principles of multiple-criteria decision analysis, this paper seeks to integrate cognitive mapping and the Choquet integral to develop an assessment system that facilitates the evaluation of smart cities, which was named “SMART-C.” The research includes a panel of experts on smart cities who identifies the evaluation criteria and their respective interactions. The results of a real-life application of the assessment system developed in this paper are validated both by the panel members and a representative of the Lisboa E-Nova nonprofit association of the Lisbon City Council's Environment and Energy Department. These experts confirm that the proposed evaluation system facilitates making distinctions between cities according to how fully they develop “smartness.” The advantages and limitations of this assessment framework are also discussed.

Mariana S. Castanho

Papers

SMART-C : Developing a “Smart City” Assessment System Using Cognitive Mapping and the Choquet Integral