1. Place animal in induction chamber and anesthetize the mouse and ensure sedation. 2. Once the animal is sedated, move it to a nose cone for hair removal using cream. Only apply cream to the area of the chest that will be utilized for imaging. Once the hair is removed, wipe area with wet gauze to ensure all hair is removed. 3. Move the animal to the imaging platform and tape its paws to the ECG lead plates and insert rectal probe. Body temperature should be maintained at 36-37°C. During imaging, reduce anesthesia to maintain proper heart rate. If the animal shows signs of being awake, use a higher concentration of anesthetic.

人唾液天疱疮抗原的纯化

http://wiki.phy.queensu.ca/shughes/images/b/b4/Selective_laser_photo-thermal_therapy_of_epithelial_carcinoma_using_anti-EGFR_antibody_conjugated_gold_nanoparticles.pdf

Selective laser photo-thermal therapy of epithelial carcinoma using anti-EGFR antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for many years, but it is only now becoming widely accepted and utilized. Originally it was developed as a tumor therapy and some of its most successful applications are for non-malignant diseases. This article provides a broad review of different parameters used and mechanisms instituted in PDT such as photosensitizers (PS), photochemistry and photophysics, cellular localization, cellular signaling, cell metabolism and modes of cell death that operate on a cellular level, as well as photosensitizer pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, tumor localization and modes of tumor destruction. These specific cellular mechanisms are most commonly applied in PDT and for the most part are often researched and exploited. If the combination of these specific parameters and mechanisms can be optimized within PDT it could possibly be used as a suitable alternative for the treatment and management of specific cancers.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT): a short review on cellular mechanisms and cancer research applications for PDT.

Positron emission tomography (PET) provides metabolic information that has been documented to be useful in patient care. The properties of positron decay permit accurate imaging of the distribution of positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. The wide array of positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals has been used to characterize multiple physiologic and pathologic states. PET is used for characterizing brain disorders such as Alzheimer disease and epilepsy and cardiac disorders such as coronary artery disease and myocardial viability. The neurologic and cardiac applications of PET are not covered in this review. The major utilization of PET clinically is in oncology and consists of imaging the distribution of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). FDG, an analogue of glucose, accumulates in most tumors in a greater amount than it does in normal tissue. FDG PET is being used in diagnosis and follow-up of several malignancies, and the list of articles supporting its use continues to grow. In this review, the ph...

Clinical Applications of PET in Oncology

Loss of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Is an Epigenetic Hallmark of Melanoma

Reports of restoration of voice after total laryngectomy include diversion of exhaled pulmonary air though planned or spontaneous fistulae with a variety of modified tracheal cannulas and valves. Limitations of these techniques include aspiration, scar closure of the shunts, wound complications, and failure to achieve voice consistently. We report a two-year experience with an endoscopic method using a unique valved prosthesis eliminating complicated surgical reconstructions, aspiration, and stenosis. Fifty-four of 60 patients (90%) achieved fluent voices with one deglutition problem. Radiation therapy preceded voice restoration in 63% of the patients and radical neck dissection in 72%. The endoscopic procedure, hospitalization and period of speech therapy are short and constitute a cost-effective voice rehabilitation program. The results of this simple method and lack of complications are encouraging.

An Endoscopic Technique for Restoration of Voice after Laryngectomy

Because of the paucity of available tissue, little information has previously been available regarding the gene expression profiles of primary melanomas. To understand the molecular basis of melanoma progression, we compared the gene expression profiles of a series of nevi, primary melanomas, and melanoma metastases. We found that metastatic melanomas exhibit two dichotomous patterns of gene expression, which unexpectedly reflect gene expression differences already apparent in comparing laser-capture microdissected radial and vertical phases of a large primary melanoma. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering accurately separated nevi and primary melanomas. Multiclass significance analysis of microarrays comparing normal skin, nevi, primary melanomas, and the two types of metastatic melanoma identified 2,602 transcripts that significantly correlated with sample class. These results suggest that melanoma pathogenesis can be understood as a series of distinct molecular events. The gene expression signatures identified here provide the basis for developing new diagnostics and targeting therapies for patients with malignant melanoma.

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/102/17/6092.full.pdf

The gene expression signatures of melanoma progression

Acoustic characteristics of two types of alaryngeal speech were quantified and compared to normal speech production. High-quality audio recordings were obtained from 15 subjects who had undergone t...

A Comparative Acoustic Study of Normal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech Production

• Reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus after total laryngectomy avoids the development of salivary fistulae and restores satisfactory swallowing. Successful techniques for closure include multiple layers of tissue, selected suture materials, the application of postoperative radiation therapy, and modified neck dissection. In addition, vocal rehabilitation has been traditionally associated with the formation of a pharyngoesophageal segment capable of producing sound after air insufflation. A three-year experience with 129 patients after they underwent a total laryngectomy and tracheoesophageal shunt showed that 16 patients (12%) failed to achieve satisfactory speech after tracheoesophageal puncture because of pharyngoesophageal spasm. Response to percutaneous block of the pharyngeal plexus and subsequent myotomy of the cricopharyngeus and pharyngeal constrictor muscles was assessed in 14 patients. Increased pharyngoesophageal tone after total laryngectomy seems to be an important factor in the failure to acquire esophageal voice. ( Arch Otolaryngol 1981;107:670-673)

Selective myotomy for voice restoration after total laryngectomy.

PURPOSE
To assess the usefulness of 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) of the head and neck in locating occult primary lesions in patients with metastatic cervical adenopathy.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventeen patients with metastatic cervical adenopathy of unknown primary origin were referred for FDG PET of the head and neck. All patients had undergone correlative anatomic imaging within 1 month of FDG PET. Surgical, clinical, and histopathologic findings were used to assess the performance of FDG PET.


RESULTS
Increased apical lung uptake at FDG PET led to a biopsy-proved diagnosis of primary lung cancer in two patients. Of the remaining 15 patients, 10 had a focus of increased activity; directed biopsy of these sites led to confirmation of a primary carcinoma in seven patients. Correlative anatomic imaging failed to demonstrate the primary sites of disease in two of these seven patients. None of the five patients with negative FDG PET studies have manifested evidence of a primary site of disease during follow-up of 8-42 months (mean, 29 months).


CONCLUSION
FDG PET allows effective localization of the unknown primary site of origin in metastatic head and neck cancer and can contribute substantially to patient care.

Mark I. Singer

Papers

An Endoscopic Technique for Restoration of Voice after Laryngectomy

The gene expression signatures of melanoma progression

A Comparative Acoustic Study of Normal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech Production

Selective myotomy for voice restoration after total laryngectomy.

Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: Role and Usefulness of FDG PET in Locating Occult