자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Introduction 1. Woman's Place in Man's Life Cycle 2. Images of Relationship 3. Concepts of Self and Morality 4. Crisis and Transition 5. Women's Rights and Women's Judgment 6. Visions of Maturity References Index of Study Participants General Index

In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982.

https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(12)60129-9/pdf

Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Lionel A. Mandell, Richard G. Wunderink, Antonio Anzueto, John G. Bartlett, G. Douglas Campbell, Nathan C. Dean, Scott F. Dowell, Thomas M. File, Jr. Daniel M. Musher, Michael S. Niederman, Antonio Torres, and Cynthia G. Whitney McMaster University Medical School, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; University of Texas Health Science Center and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LDS Hospital, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, and Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio; State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, and Department of Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; and Cap de Servei de Pneumologia i Allergia Respiratoria, Institut Clinic del Torax, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBER CB06/06/0028, Barcelona, Spain.

/pdf/infectious-diseases-society-of-america-american-thoracic-1cn65eiqga.pdf

Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(17)30866-8.pdf

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Objective To systematically review the accuracy of physicians’ clinical predictions of survival in terminally ill cancer patients.

/pdf/a-systematic-review-of-physicians-survival-predictions-in-51ygi3as5h.pdf

A systematic review of physicians' survival predictions in terminally ill cancer patients

Results: More participants had quit at six weeks in the intervention compared to the control group: 239 (28%) v 109 (13%), relative risk 2.20 (95% confidence interval 1.79 to 2.70), p , 0.0001. This treatment effect was consistent across subgroups defined by age, sex, income level, or geographic location (p homogeneity . 0.2). The relative risk estimates were similar in sensitivity analyses adjusting for missing data and salivary cotinine verification tests. Reported quit rates remained high at six months, but there was some uncertainty about between group differences because of incomplete follow up. Conclusions: This programme offers potential for a new way to help young smokers to quit, being affordable, personalised, age appropriate, and not location dependent. Future research should test these findings in different settings, and provide further assessment of long term quit rates.

https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/14/4/255.full.pdf

Do u smoke after txt? Results of a randomised trial of smoking cessation using mobile phone text messaging

SECTION ONE: Clinical reasoning: Clinical reasoning in the health professions The development of clinical reasoning expertise Knowledge and reasoning Clinical reasoning and biomedical knowledge: Implications for teaching Parallels between clinical reasoning and categorization Action and narrative: Two dynamics of clinical reasoning Clinical reasoning and generic thinking skills Clinical reasoning and patient-centred care Methods in the study of clinical reasoning SECTION TWO: Clinical reasoning in the health professions: Clinical reasoning in medicine Clinical reasoning in nursing Clinical reasoning in physiotherapy Clinical reasoning in occupational therapy SECTION THREE: Teaching clinical reasoning: Teaching clinical reasoning The Internet and clinical reasoning Assessing clinical reasoning Self-monitoring of clinical reasoning The case study as an instructional method to teach clinical reasoning Teaching clinical reasoning to medical students Teaching clinical reasoning to occupational therapists Learning reasoning in physiotherapy programs Speech-language pathology students: Learning clinical reasoning Using mind mapping to improve students' metacognition Facilitating the acquisition of knowledge for reasoning Teaching clinical reasoning to speech and hearing students Teaching clinical decision analysis in physiotherapy Facilitating the clinical reasoning of occupational therapy students on fieldwork placement Teaching clinical reasoning in nursing education Teaching clinical reasoning across cultures Using simulated patients to teach clinical reasoning Teaching clinical reasoning in clinical education: Orthoptics Teaching clinical reasoning to nurses during clinical education Peer coaching to generate clinical-reasoning skills Teaching clinical reasoning: A case-based approach Fostering clinical decision making in critical care nursing SECTION FOUR: Directions for the future: Will evidence-based practice take the reasoning out of practice? Index

Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions

Background
Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections like influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome pose a global threat. Antiviral drugs and vaccinations may be insufficient to prevent their spread.

Objectives
To review the effectiveness of physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.

Search methods
We searched The Cochrane Library, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2010, Issue 3), which includes the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to October 2010), OLDMEDLINE (1950 to 1965), EMBASE (1990 to October 2010), CINAHL (1982 to October 2010), LILACS (2008 to October 2010), Indian MEDLARS (2008 to October 2010) and IMSEAR (2008 to October 2010).

Selection criteria
In this update, two review authors independently applied the inclusion criteria to all identified and retrieved articles and extracted data. We scanned 3775 titles, excluded 3560 and retrieved full papers of 215 studies, to include 66 papers of 67 studies. We included physical interventions (screening at entry ports, isolation, quarantine, social distancing, barriers, personal protection, hand hygiene) to prevent respiratory virus transmission. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohorts, case-controls, before-after and time series studies.

Data collection and analysis
We used a standardised form to assess trial eligibility. We assessed RCTs by randomisation method, allocation generation, concealment, blinding and follow up. We assessed non-RCTs for potential confounders and classified them as low, medium and high risk of bias.

Main results
We included 67 studies including randomised controlled trials and observational studies with a mixed risk of bias. A total number of participants is not included as the total would be made up of a heterogenous set of observations (participant people, observations on participants and countries (object of some studies)). The risk of bias for five RCTs and most cluster-RCTs was high. Observational studies were of mixed quality. Only case-control data were sufficiently homogeneous to allow meta-analysis. The highest quality cluster-RCTs suggest respiratory virus spread can be prevented by hygienic measures, such as handwashing, especially around younger children. Benefit from reduced transmission from children to household members is broadly supported also in other study designs where the potential for confounding is greater. Nine case-control studies suggested implementing transmission barriers, isolation and hygienic measures are effective at containing respiratory virus epidemics. Surgical masks or N95 respirators were the most consistent and comprehensive supportive measures. N95 respirators were non-inferior to simple surgical masks but more expensive, uncomfortable and irritating to skin. Adding virucidals or antiseptics to normal handwashing to decrease respiratory disease transmission remains uncertain. Global measures, such as screening at entry ports, led to a non-significant marginal delay in spread. There was limited evidence that social distancing was effective, especially if related to the risk of exposure.

Authors' conclusions
Simple and low-cost interventions would be useful for reducing transmission of epidemic respiratory viruses. Routine long-term implementation of some measures assessed might be difficult without the threat of an epidemic.

/pdf/physical-interventions-to-interrupt-or-reduce-the-spread-of-3z31bk17se.pdf

Mark Jones

Papers

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A systematic review of physicians' survival predictions in terminally ill cancer patients

Do u smoke after txt? Results of a randomised trial of smoking cessation using mobile phone text messaging

Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.