Showing papers by "Mark R. Leary published in 1996"

The Motivated Expression of Embarrassment Following a Self‐Presentational Predicament

Abstract: Two experiments tested hypotheses derived from an interpersonal model of embarrassment. According to this model, people who have suffered a self-presentational predicament are motivated to convey to others that they feel embarrassed as a way of repairing their social image and lowering subjective embarrassment in such situations. In Experiment 1, participants who performed an embarrassing task subsequently expressed greater embarrassment if the researcher did not already know that they were embarrassed than if she was aware of their embarrassment. Experiment 2 showed that embarrassed participants who thought that the researcher did not interpret their blushing as a sign of embarrassment subsequently engaged in alternative self-presentational tactics to improve their damaged social image.

Treatment of cognitive impairment.

Abstract: AIDS: HIV-related cognitive impairment symptoms can include altered thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Some aspects of cognitive impairment are treatable if addressed quickly, others are untreatable and progress rapidly. The fourfold response to cognitive impairment requires accurate diagnosis, treatment and education coordination, aggressive treatment of accute symptoms, and management through psychotherapy and psychopharmacology of untreatable symptoms. Mild impairment often occurs with minor motor impairment. Individuals with mild impairment have some slowness in thinking, memory, and problem-solving abilities, but usually live independently and continue to interact meaningfully with others. Psychotherapists should encourage individuals with mild HIV-related cognitive impairment to capitalize on strengths and compensate for limitations. Patients with moderate to severe cognitive impairment may have complete memory loss and impaired manipulation and information retrieval. The key intervention principle is to provide support.