Journal of Personality 

About: Journal of Personality is an academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Personality & Big Five personality traits. It has an ISSN identifier of 0022-3506. Over the lifetime, 3771 publications have been published receiving 293326 citations.

An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications.

Abstract: The five-factor model of personality is a hierarchical organization of personality traits in terms of five basic dimensions: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Research using both natural language adjectives and theoretically based personality questionnaires supports the comprehensiveness of the model and its applicability across observers and cultures. This article summarizes the history of the model and its supporting evidence; discusses conceptions of the nature of the factors; and outlines an agenda for theorizing about the origins and operation of the factors. We argue that the model should prove useful both for individual assessment and for the elucidation of a number of topics of interest to personality psychologists.

High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success.

Abstract: What good is self-control? We incorporated a new measure of individual differences in self-control into two large investigations of a broad spectrum of behaviors. The new scale showed good internal consistency and retest reliability. Higher scores on self-control correlated with a higher grade point average, better adjustment (fewer reports of psychopathology, higher self-esteem), less binge eating and alcohol abuse, better relationships and interpersonal skills, secure attachment, and more optimal emotional responses. Tests for curvilinearity failed to indicate any drawbacks of so-called overcontrol, and the positive effects remained after controlling for social desirability. Low self-control is thus a significant risk factor for a broad range of personal and interpersonal problems.

A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust.

Abstract: One of the most salient factors m the effecdveness of our present complex social organization is the willmgness of one or more mdividuals m a social unit to trust others The efficiency, adjustment, and even survival of any social group depends upon the presence or absence of such trust. Interpersonal tmst is defined here as an expectancy held by an mdividual or a group that the word, promise, verbal or wntten statement of another individual or group can be relied upon. This definition clearly departs significandy from Enkson's (1953) broad use of the concept of basic trust which Enkson descnbes as a central ingredient m \"the healthy personality \" Vanous wnters have already mdicated that a high expectancy that others can be relied upon is an important variable in the development of adequate family relationships and of healthy personahties in children The fadure to tmst others, particularly representatives of society, such as parents, teachers, and powerful commumty leaders, has frequently been cited as an important determmant m delmquency (Redl & Wmeman, 1951) Difficuldes m race relationships and m mmonty group-majonty group relationships have, likewise, been frequently related to expectancies of one group that the verbal statements of the other cannot be accepted Many psychotherapists believe interpersonal tmst is a major determinant in the success of psychotherapy In fact, an expectancy that others can be believed must be an important variable m human learmng in general Much of the formal and informal leaming that human bemgs acquire is based on the verbal and wntten statements of others, and what they leam must be significandy affected by the degree to which they believe their informants without independent evidence.

Facilitating internalization: the self-determination theory perspective.

Abstract: Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) posits that (a) people are inherently motivated to internalize the regulation of uninteresting though important activities; (b) there are two different processes through which such internalization can occur, resulting in qualitatively different styles of self-regulation; and (c) the social context influences which internalization process and regulatory style occur. The two types of internalization are introjection, which entails taking in a value or regulatory process but not accepting it as one's own, and integration, through which the regulation is assimilated with one's core sense of self. Introjection results in internally controlling regulation, whereas integration results in self-determination. An experiment supported our hypothesis that three facilitating contextual factors--namely, providing a meaningful rationale, acknowledging the behaver's feelings, and conveying choice--promote internalization, as evidenced by the subsequent self-regulation of behavior. This experiment also supported our expectation that when the social context supports self-determination, integration tends to occur, whereas when the context does not support self-determination, introjection tends to occur.