抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis.

A set of face stimuli called the NimStim Set of Facial Expressions is described. The goal in creating this set was to provide facial expressions that untrained individuals, characteristic of research participants, would recognize. This set is large in number, multiracial, and available to the scientific community online. The results of psychometric evaluations of these stimuli are presented. The results lend empirical support for the validity and reliability of this set of facial expressions as determined by accurate identification of expressions and high intra-participant agreement across two testing sessions, respectively.

/pdf/the-nimstim-set-of-facial-expressions-judgments-from-foazkis35n.pdf

The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants

中枢神経系疾患の治療は正常細胞（ニューロン）の機能維持を目的とするが，脳血管障害のように機能障害の原因が細胞の死滅に基づくことは多い．一方，脳腫瘍の治療においては薬物療法や放射線療法といった腫瘍細胞の死滅を目標とするものが大きな位置を占める．いずれの場合にも，細胞死の機序を理解することは各種病態や治療法の理解のうえで重要である．現在のところ最も研究の進んでいる細胞死の型はアポトーシスである．そのなかで重要な位置を占めるミトコンドリアにおける反応および抗アポトーシス因子について概要を紹介する．

Neuroscience 細胞死：最近の知見

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An Introduction To The Event Related Potential Technique

Conceptual representations in mind and brain: theoretical developments, current evidence and future directions.

https://web.uvic.ca/psyc/vizcoglab/pubPDFs/cognitionproofs.pdf

A holistic account of the own-race effect in face recognition: evidence from a cross-cultural study.

The N400 is modulated by unconsciously perceived masked words: further evidence for an automatic spreading activation account of N400 priming effects.

The cortical organization of executive control was investigated using event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs were collected while subjects performed a go/no go task that required response inhibition. First, around 260 ms after stimulus onset, an effect of response inhibition on ERPs was observed over inferior prefrontal areas. Generators in these regions were confirmed by source analysis. Later, between 300-600 ms after stimulus onset, a left lateralized fronto-central ERP effect was found which differed in topography from a non-specific effect of task difficulty. Source analysis indicated that generators in anterior cingulate and left premotor areas also contributed to this effect. Orchestrated activation of prefrontal areas and the anterior cingulate subserves executive function whereas relatively late activity of the left premotor cortex is involved in motor control.

Markus Kiefer

Papers

Conceptual representations in mind and brain: theoretical developments, current evidence and future directions.

A holistic account of the own-race effect in face recognition: evidence from a cross-cultural study.

The N400 is modulated by unconsciously perceived masked words: further evidence for an automatic spreading activation account of N400 priming effects.

The time course of brain activations during response inhibition: evidence from event-related potentials in a go/no go task.

Emotional context modulates subsequent memory effect