Recent experiments have shown that, in rough-wall turbulent boundary layers, drag varies systematically with the spanwise aspect ratio lambda(z) (span/height) of roughness elements. In this paper, the effect of lambda(z) on turbulence structure has been examined. Based on lambda(z), the roughness in a transversely grooved surface with lambda(z) much greater than 1 is the opposite extreme of model plant canopies with lambda(z) much less than 1, studied in wind tunnels, whereas sandgrain is an intermediate type. Second-, third-, and fourth-order turbulence moments have been measured in turbulent boundary layers over transversely grooved and smooth surfaces and compared with available turbulence structure measurements over other types of surfaces. The near-wall turbulence structure is found to vary with lambda(z). The instantaneous motions involved in the flux of shear stress near the wall in smooth and transversely grooved surfaces are opposite in sign to those in three-dimensional roughness. The former is explained in terms of hairpin vortices alone, while the latter group is modeled to have an additional vortex (the so-called necklace vortex which straddles a three-dimensional roughness element near its base).

Structure of rough-wall turbulent boundary layers

Objective: This research tested the Social Work Career Influence Questionnaire (SWCIQ) as a measurement tool for assessing career influence variables among master's of social work (MSW) students. M...

Development and Validation of the Social Work Career Influence Questionnaire

This study compares the demographics, education and training, perceptions of job performance, and job satisfaction among a sample of agency practitioners and a sample of private practitioners randomly selected from the 1985 National Association of Social Workers membership directory. Private practitioners report a significantly higher income, greater congruence between their training and their current job, and greaterjob satisfaction. Among the primary reasons cited by private practitioners for entering private practice are professional challenge, financial rewards, and dissatisfaction with agency job. We discuss the implications of these findings for the profession, the agency, and schools of social work.

Private and Agency Practitioners: Some Data and Observations

Mental health services providers' distribution across counties in the United States

This study examines factors associated with MSW students’ (N = 5,793) desires to work with the poor and homeless over the course of their education. Independent variable classes include (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) ideological beliefs as they relate to politics; (3) past social work-related experiences; (4) motivations for pursuing a graduate degree in social work; and, (5) field work experience and school attended. Findings show that sociodemographic variables are the least stable predictors of students’ interest in working with the poor and homeless, whereas ideological beliefs and personal motivations appear as the most noteworthy influences upon students’ desires to work with this population.

Who Wants to Work with the Poor and Homeless

In a time of conservative politics and economic retrenchment, social workers may find practice in public agencies increasingly fraught with problems. Many may consider private practice. Some of the principal findings of a nationwide survey of private practitioners are reported here, and factors related to success and the relationship between psychotherapy and social work as practiced privately are also explored.

Private practice: a nationwide study

The Business of Psychotherapy: Private Practice Administration for Therapists, Counselors, and Social Workers. By Robert L. Barker. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. 318 pp. $25.00

Marquis Earl Wallace

Papers

Private practice: a nationwide study

The Business of Psychotherapy: Private Practice Administration for Therapists, Counselors, and Social Workers. By Robert L. Barker. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. 318 pp. $25.00

More on Private Practice