Experience and Educationis the best concise statement on education ever published by John Dewey, the man acknowledged to be the pre-eminent educational theorist of the twentieth century. Written more than two decades after Democracy and Education(Dewey's most comprehensive statement of his position in educational philosophy), this book demonstrates how Dewey reformulated his ideas as a result of his intervening experience with the progressive schools and in the light of the criticisms his theories had received. Analysing both "traditional" and "progressive" education, Dr. Dewey here insists that neither the old nor the new education is adequate and that each is miseducative because neither of them applies the principles of a carefully developed philosophy of experience. Many pages of this volume illustrate Dr. Dewey's ideas for a philosophy of experience and its relation to education. He particularly urges that all teachers and educators looking for a new movement in education should think in terms of the deeped and larger issues of education rather than in terms of some divisive "ism" about education, even such an "ism" as "progressivism." His philosophy, here expressed in its most essential, most readable form, predicates an American educational system that respects all sources of experience, on that offers a true learning situation that is both historical and social, both orderly and dynamic.

经验与教育 = Experience and education

Evolutionary psychology is one of many biologically informed approaches to the study of human behavior. Along with cognitive psychologists, evolutionary psychologists propose that much, if not all, of our behavior can be explained by appeal to internal psychological mechanisms. What distinguishes evolutionary psychologists from many cognitive psychologists is the proposal that the relevant internal mechanisms are adaptations—products of natural selection—that helped our ancestors get around the world, survive and reproduce. To understand the central claims of evolutionary psychology we require an understanding of some key concepts in evolutionary biology, cognitive psychology, philosophy of science and philosophy of mind. Philosophers are interested in evolutionary psychology for a number of reasons. For philosophers of science —mostly philosophers of biology—evolutionary psychology provides a critical target. There is a broad consensus among philosophers of science that evolutionary psychology is a deeply flawed enterprise. For philosophers of mind and cognitive science evolutionary psychology has been a source of empirical hypotheses about cognitive architecture and specific components of that architecture. Philosophers of mind are also critical of evolutionary psychology but their criticisms are not as all-encompassing as those presented by philosophers of biology. Evolutionary psychology is also invoked by philosophers interested in moral psychology both as a source of empirical hypotheses and as a critical target.

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Symposium Review: 25th Anniversary of Moral Boundaries by Joan Tronto

Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation in at least four contexts. In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential knowledge of descriptive representatives enhances their substantive representation of the group's interests by improving the quality of deliberation. In contexts of historical political subordination and low de facto legitimacy, descriptive representation helps create a social meaning of "ability to rule" and increases the attachment to the polity of members of the group. When the implementation of descriptive representation involves some costs in other values, paying those costs makes most sense in these specific historical contexts.

https://wappp.hks.harvard.edu/files/wappp/files/should_blacks_represent_blacks_and_women_represent_women_a_contingent_yes1.pdf

Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent "Yes"

This volume argues that international human rights law has made a positive contribution to the realization of human rights in much of the world. Although governments sometimes ratify human rights treaties, gambling that they will experience little pressure to comply with them, this is not typically the case. Focusing on rights stakeholders rather than the United Nations or state pressure, Beth Simmons demonstrates through a combination of statistical analyses and case studies that the ratification of treaties leads to better rights practices on average. Simmons argues that international human rights law should get more practical and rhetorical support from the international community as a supplement to broader efforts to address conflict, development, and democratization.

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Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics

Although mass atrocities are not unique to the 20th century, organized response to such violence has taken new forms, some of which offer hope of some small redress to the victims of war and genocide. In the groundbreaking and timely Between Vengeance and Forgiveness, Harvard Law School professor Martha Minow explores the benefits and drawbacks of a variety of forms of settlement. For those who have recoiled in horror and outrage at collective violence in Rwanda, Bosnia, Cambodia, and elsewhere, this book--with chapters titled Trials, Truth Commissions, Reparations, and Facing History--is a primer on how the world, and individuals, might respond to such acts once the shock subsides. Minow resists the idea that compensatory measures such as war-crimes tribunals and financial payback can ever bring true closure for those who have suffered. Legal responses, she writes, are inevitably frail and insufficient. Nevertheless, Minow advocates addressing these atrocities in a formal way: The victimized deserve the acknowledgment of their humanity, she asserts, and the reaffirmation of the utter wrongness of its violation. --Maria Dolan

Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History after Genocide and Mass Violence

Making All the Difference: Inclusion, Exclusion, and American Law

"Bob Cover was and remains the dominant voice of his generation among legal scholars. These essays, each one magnificent in itself, are, when taken together, even more important. The wisdom they impart is forever." --Guido Calabresi, Dean and Sterling Professor of Law, Yale University"Robert Cover drew his sources for the authority of law--for its violence, but also for its paideic potential--from the structuring stories that spark our communal imaginations. Literally until the day of his untimely death, his irreplaceably restless spirit was binding itself with the pages of the Midrash, of "The Brothers Karamazov, " of "Billy Budd, Sailor." It is for us now to work also with these--Bob Cover's stories."--Richard Weisberg, Benjamin N. Cardozo Law School, Yeshiva University"The writings of Robert Cover were usually provocative, sometimes exasperating, but always relevant. In his last years, he concentrated on Jewish sources as well as mystical and Messianic thought. This collection of his articles is a thesaurus of some of his finest writings."--Robert F. Drinan, S.J., Georgetown University Law CenterThe late Robert Cover was Professor of Law, Yale Law School. Martha Minow is Professor of Law, Harvard Law School. Michael Ryan is Professor of English, Northeastern University. Austin Sarat is William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Jurisprudence and Political Science and Chair of the Program in Law, Jurisprudence, and Social Thought, Amherst College.

Narrative, violence, and the law : the essays of Robert Cover

Acknowledgments vii Introduction: Memory, Law, and Repair by NANCY L. ROSENBLUM 1 1. Breaking the Cycles of Hatred 14 Memory and Hate: Are There Lessons from Around the World? 14 Regulating Hatred: Whose Speech, Whose Crimes, Whose Power? 31 Between Nations and Between Intimates: Can Law Stop the Violence? 56 by MARTHA MINOW 2. Justice and the Experience of Injustice by NANCY L. ROSENBLUM 77 3. Righting Old Wrongs by MARC GALANTER 107 4. Reluctant Redress: The U.S. Kidnapping and Internment of Japanese Latin Americans by ERIC K. YAMAMOTO 132 5. Memory, Hate, and the Criminalization of Bias-Motivated Violence: Lessons from Great Britain by FREDERICK M. LAWRENCE 140 6. Collective Memory, Collective Action, and Black Activism in the 1960s by FREDRICK C. HARRIS 154 7. Beyond Memory: Child Sexual Abuse and the Statute of Limitations by ROSS E. CHEIT AND CAREY JAROS 170 8. Peace on Earth Begins at Home: Reflections from the Women's Liberation Movement by JUDITH LEWIS HERMAN 188 9. The Thin Line between Imposition and Consent: A Critique of Birthright Membership Regimes and Their Implications by AYELET SHACHAR 200 10. When Memory Speaks: Remembrance and Revenge in Unforgiven by AUSTIN SARAT 236 11. Power, Violence, and Legitimacy: A Reading of Hannah Arendt in an Age of Police Brutality and Humanitarian Intervention by IRIS MARION YOUNG 260 Notes on Contributors 289 Index 291

Martha Minow

Papers

Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History after Genocide and Mass Violence

Making All the Difference: Inclusion, Exclusion, and American Law

Narrative, violence, and the law : the essays of Robert Cover

Breaking the Cycles of Hatred: Memory, Law, and Repair

Engaging Cultural Differences: The Multicultural Challenge in Liberal Democracies