http://academic.oup.com/milmed/article-pdf/146/7/506/24126715/milmed-146-7-506.pdf

Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

In this paper, the authors present an extended survey on the evolution and the modern approaches in the thermal analysis of electrical machines. The improvements and the new techniques proposed in the last decade are analyzed in depth and compared in order to highlight the qualities and defects of each. In particular, thermal analysis based on lumped-parameter thermal network, finite-element analysis, and computational fluid dynamics are considered in this paper. In addition, an overview of the problems linked to the thermal parameter determination and computation is proposed and discussed. Taking into account the aims of this paper, a detailed list of books and papers is reported in the references to help researchers interested in these topics.

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Evolution and Modern Approaches for Thermal Analysis of Electrical Machines

The objective of this study was to develop an injectable and biocompatible hydrogel which can efficiently deliver a nanocomplex of graphene oxide (GO) and vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF) pro-angiogenic gene for myocardial therapy. For the study, an efficient nonviral gene delivery system using polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalized GO nanosheets (fGO) complexed with DNAVEGF was formulated and incorporated in the low-modulus methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel to promote controlled and localized gene therapy. It was hypothesized that the fGOVEGF/GelMA nanocomposite hydrogels can efficiently transfect myocardial tissues and induce favorable therapeutic effects without invoking cytotoxic effects. To evaluate this hypothesis, a rat model with acute myocardial infarction was used, and the therapeutic hydrogels were injected intramyocardially in the peri-infarct regions. The secreted VEGF from in vitro transfected cardiomyocytes demonstrated profound mitotic activities on endothelial cells. A si...

/pdf/injectable-graphene-oxide-hydrogel-based-angiogenic-gene-4mwfxjfbr6.pdf

Injectable Graphene Oxide/Hydrogel-Based Angiogenic Gene Delivery System for Vasculogenesis and Cardiac Repair

Polymer nanofibrous structures: Fabrication, biofunctionalization, and cell interactions

Forms of Corrosion.- Electrochemistry.- Kinetics of Activation Polarization.- Kinetics of Concentration Polarization.- Mixed Potential Theory.- Corrosivity and Passivity.- Electrometallurgy.- Cathodic Protection.- Anodic Protection.- High-temperature Corrosion.

Electrochemistry and Corrosion Science

Introduction to heat transfer

The intravenous, intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration of water solubilized graphene nanoparticles for biomedical applications will result in their interaction with the hematological components and vasculature. Herein, we have investigated the effects of dextran functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNP-Dex) on histamine release, platelet activation, immune activation, blood cell hemolysis in vitro, and vasoactivity in vivo. The results indicate that GNP-Dex formulations prevented histamine release from activated RBL-2H3 rat mast cells, and at concentrations ≥ 7 mg/ml, showed a 12-20% increase in levels of complement proteins. Cytokine (TNF-Alpha and IL-10) levels remained within normal range. GNP-Dex formulations did not cause platelet activation or blood cell hemolysis. Using the hamster cheek pouch in vivo model, the initial vasoactivity of GNP-Dex at concentrations (1-50 mg/ml) equivalent to the first pass of a bolus injection was a brief concentration-dependent dilation in arcade and terminal arterioles. However, they did not induce a pro-inflammatory endothelial dysfunction effect.

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In vitro hematological and in vivo vasoactivity assessment of dextran functionalized graphene.

The identification of the physical mechanism(s) by which cells can sense vibrations requires the determination of the cellular mechanical environment. Here, we quantified vibration-induced fluid shear stresses in vitro and tested whether this system allows for the separation of two mechanical parameters previously proposed to drive the cellular response to vibration—fluid shear and peak accelerations. When peak accelerations of the oscillatory horizontal motions were set at 1 g and 60 Hz, peak fluid shear stresses acting on the cell layer reached 0.5 Pa. A 3.5-fold increase in fluid viscosity increased peak fluid shear stresses 2.6-fold while doubling fluid volume in the well caused a 2-fold decrease in fluid shear. Fluid shear was positively related to peak acceleration magnitude and inversely related to vibration frequency. These data demonstrated that peak shear stress can be effectively separated from peak acceleration by controlling specific levels of vibration frequency, acceleration, and/or fluid viscosity. As an example for exploiting these relations, we tested the relevance of shear stress in promoting COX-2 expression in osteoblast like cells. Across different vibration frequencies and fluid viscosities, neither the level of generated fluid shear nor the frequency of the signal were able to consistently account for differences in the relative increase in COX-2 expression between groups, emphasizing that other variables including out-of-phase accelerations of the nucleus may play a role in the cellular response to vibrations.

/pdf/separating-fluid-shear-stress-from-acceleration-during-b893mrkfsd.pdf

Separating Fluid Shear Stress from Acceleration during Vibrations in Vitro: Identification of Mechanical Signals Modulating the Cellular Response

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that explanted perfused arteries can serve as the initial endothelial cell culture source to evaluate the onset of angiogenesis in a cellulose acetate electrospun scaffold.Methods: Electrospun scaffolds with fiber diameters roughly controlled in three broad ranges: 0.01 to 0.2, 0.2 to 1, and 1 to 5 μ m (Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2:37–41, 2006), were used in cell culture to determine which provides the best culture topology. This scaffold was then tested in a bioassay chamber whose cellular source was an explanted abdominal aorta from donated euthanized mice. Scaffolds were draped over a cannulated vessel perfused for 24 h. Cell viability, density, and morphology were quantified.Results: The largest fiber diameter group provided the best culture topology for human umbilical vein endothelial cells, showing high cell viability and density, and enhanced elongated cell morphology. Addition of single-walled carbon nanotubes decreased cell densit...

Bioassay chamber for angiogenesis with perfused explanted arteries and electrospun scaffolding.

Biofluid Mechanics: An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Macrocirculation, and Microcirculation shows how fluid mechanics principles can be applied not only to blood circulation, but also to air flow through the lungs, joint lubrication, intraocular fluid movement, renal transport among other specialty circulations. This new second edition increases the breadth and depth of the original by expanding chapters to cover additional biofluid mechanics principles, disease criteria, and medical management of disease, with supporting discussions of the relevance and importance of current research. Calculations related both to the disease and the material covered in the chapter are also now provided. * Uses language and math that is appropriate and conducive for undergraduate learning, containing many worked examples and end-of-chapter problems* Develops all engineering concepts and equations within a biological context* Covers topics in the traditional biofluids curriculum, and addresses other systems in the body that can be described by biofluid mechanics principles* Discusses clinical applications throughout the book, providing practical applications for the concepts discussed*NEW: Additional worked examples with a stronger connection to relevant disease conditions and experimental techniques*NEW: Improved pedagogy, with more end-of-chapter problems, images, tables, and headings, to better facilitate learning and comprehension of the material

Mary D. Frame

Papers

Introduction to heat transfer

In vitro hematological and in vivo vasoactivity assessment of dextran functionalized graphene.

Separating Fluid Shear Stress from Acceleration during Vibrations in Vitro: Identification of Mechanical Signals Modulating the Cellular Response

Bioassay chamber for angiogenesis with perfused explanted arteries and electrospun scaffolding.

Biofluid Mechanics : An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Macrocirculation, and Microcirculation