On death and dying

改訂葛藤戦術尺度日本語版(The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales:CTS2)の信頼性と妥当性

This paper offers a multicultural understanding of trauma and resilience as experienced in the lives of individuals from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds. The research and clinical literature on resilience has focused largely if not exclusively on individual personality traits and coping styles, and has neglected to explore all possible sources and expressions of resilience in individuals and groups. For many ethnic minorities, traditional notions of resilience, shaped largely by middle class European and North American values, may not capture culturally more familiar modes of positive adaptation to adverse and traumatic experience. This paper explores the concept of resilience as a multidetermined phenomenon, and considers the implications of this perspective for clinical research and intervention with ethnic minorities.

Conceptualizing Trauma and Resilience Across Diverse Contexts: A Multicultural Perspective

Mediation of child custody disputes is mandated in several states. Investigators have averred that victims of domestic violence (DV) are greatly disadvantaged in mediation. The present study empirically evaluated outcomes and found that mediators failed to recognize and report DV in 56.9% of the DV cases. The court's screening form failed to indicate DV in at least 14.7% of the violent cases. Mediation resulted in poor outcomes for DV victims in terms of protections, such as supervised visitation and protected child exchanges. Mediator capacity to focus on the child's best interest was called into question. Child custody mediation should not be mandated in cases of DV.

Child Custody Mediation in Cases of Domestic Violence Empirical Evidence of a Failure to Protect

Objective: To provide health care providers with a summary of current knowledge on intimate partner violence (IPV) and to propose recommendations for best practices. To provide tools and resources to support interventions. Outcomes: Optimizing provider skills in assessing for intimate partner violence (IPV) and responding to disclosure, promoting institutional and community coordination in a public health approach, and improving safety and health for all women. Evidence: Published and unpublished meta-analyses on screening for violence were reviewed, as well as literature published subsequent to December 2002. To update the 1996 guidelines on domestic violence, key reports and documents produced by governments, professional associations, and coalitions were identified. External stakeholders critiqued a draft document and provided feedback. Values: The quality of the evidence is rated with the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. Recommendations for practice are ranked according to the method described in this report. Recommendations: Comments are to be received from reviewers, and then summary statements and recommendations are to be done. Summary Statements and Recommendations IV B. INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE

Intimate partner violence consensus statement.

To establish the annual prevalence of violence perpetrated by male partners in Quebec couples, a telephone survey was conducted with 2,120 women. Validated instruments measured physically and sexually violent behaviors as well as controlling behaviors and verbal aggression. Victimization rates were 6.1% for physical violence and 6.8% for sexual violence. Sexual and physical violence were significantly higher in the presence of controlling and humiliating behaviors than they were in the absence of such behaviors. The results confirm the association of individual and social variables with violence in other studies and illustrate the importance of understanding the sociocultural context for the family status variables.

A Survey on Violence Against Female Partners in Québec, Canada

Feminist Therapy for Battered Women: An Assessment

La violence conjugale, longtemps consideree comme un probleme prive, est maintenant percue comme un probleme social repandu. Ses effets nefastes sur les femmes, les couples, les enfants et la societe sont maintenant mieux connus des differents reseaux d’intervention qui sont des lors appeles a travailler ensemble afin de developper des approches plus complementaires basees sur une comprehension commune du probleme. Une analyse des mecanismes de concertation intersectorielle mis en place au Quebec a ete entreprise aupres des intervenants et intervenantes offrant des services en violence conjugale dans differents secteurs du reseau de la sante et des services sociaux (Rondeau et al., 2000). La presente etude est la premiere qui, a partir d’une demarche qualitative du discours des femmes victimes de violence conjugale et des hommes ayant exerce des comportements violents envers leur conjointe, a permis d’explorer la perception des interventions recues, de leur coherence, de leur complementarite et de leurs effets sur la cessation de la violence et sur le cheminement des individus. Les resultats demontrent, entre autres choses, que les repondants, mais surtout les repondantes, consultent un grand nombre d’intervenants-es qui proviennent d’un nombre aussi grand de ressources. Cependant, la lourdeur de leurs demarches ne vient pas tant du nombre d’organismes frequentes ou de la trajectoire effectuee a travers ces institutions, mais plutot d’un manque de coordination intra sectoriel et intersectoriel entre les professionnels-les de ces ressources.

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Étude exploratoire du point de vue des femmes et des hommes sur les services utilisés en matière de violence conjugale

This article deals with formal and informal resources used by women victims of conjugal violence in their search for help. It explores the type of resources used and their relationship with a number of factors such as the socio-economic characteristics of the women and, the nature and duration of the violence which they have suffered. Prior to reporting on the results of a specific case of formal resources utilization, this article presents a review of the literature on the process of seeking help, then it focuses on the major role played by the social support network. Also, it reviews the major studies dealing with the strategies used by women victims of conjugal violence in obtaining help. Finally, the article reports on the main results of a study conducted in the context of a pilot project to bring help to victims of conjugal violence by the police and the Local Community Services Centers (CLSC) of the Montreal Urban Community. This pilot project started in 1990 has since been extended to the entire territory covered by the Montreal Urban Community. The results of this study show that the majority of the women referred by the police officers did receive help at the CLSC. However, only one third of the women referred did meet with a social practioner following the referral. Also, it was observed that when the period between the referral and the first contact by the social practitioner was short, the women more easily accepted to meet with a worker from the CLSC. A third of the women referred already had a file with the CLSC, which indicated that the violence problem was known in one case out of four. Meeting with a CLSC worker was found to provide a greater diversity in the type of help received.

https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/crimino/1997-v30-n2-crimino944/017406ar.pdf

Les stratégies de recherche d’aide des femmes victimes de violence conjugale : le cas des femmes référées aux CLSC par les policiers

Trente-trois organismes communautaires quebecois ont un programme d’aide aux conjoints ayant des comportements violents envers leur partenaire. L’objectif de l’etude presentee dans cet article etait de dresser un portrait de leurs services et d’examiner les effets du financement qui leur a ete octroye par le gouvernement du Quebec dans le cadre de son deuxieme plan d’action en matiere de violence conjugale (2004-2009). Vingt-sept organismes ont complete un sondage realise a la fin de l’annee 2008. Les resultats sont analyses a la lumiere d’etudes similaires realisees aux Etats-Unis et en Europe.

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Maryse Rinfret-Raynor

Papers

A Survey on Violence Against Female Partners in Québec, Canada

Feminist Therapy for Battered Women: An Assessment

Étude exploratoire du point de vue des femmes et des hommes sur les services utilisés en matière de violence conjugale

Les stratégies de recherche d’aide des femmes victimes de violence conjugale : le cas des femmes référées aux CLSC par les policiers

Portrait des programmes québécois d’aide aux conjoints ayant des comportements violents