The exponential growth and availability of data in all forms is the main booster to the continuing evolution in the communications industry. The popularization of traffic-intensive applications including high definition video, 3-D visualization, augmented reality, wearable devices, and cloud computing defines a new era of mobile communications. The immense amount of traffic generated by today’s customers requires a paradigm shift in all aspects of mobile networks. Ultradense network (UDN) is one of the leading ideas in this racetrack. In UDNs, the access nodes and/or the number of communication links per unit area are densified. In this paper, we provide a survey-style introduction to dense small cell networks. Moreover, we summarize and compare some of the recent achievements and research findings. We discuss the modeling techniques and the performance metrics widely used to model problems in UDN. Also, we present the enabling technologies for network densification in order to understand the state-of-the-art. We consider many research directions in this survey, namely, user association, interference management, energy efficiency, spectrum sharing, resource management, scheduling, backhauling, propagation modeling, and the economics of UDN deployment. Finally, we discuss the challenges and open problems to the researchers in the field or newcomers who aim to conduct research in this interesting and active area of research.

Ultra-Dense Networks: A Survey

Location sharing and tracking using mobile phones or other wireless devices

A system and method that provides for using source IP addresses and MAC addresses in a network to provide security against attempts by users of the network to use false source IP addresses in data packets. The system and method provide for analyzing MAC addresses and source IP addresses at the datalink (layer 2) level, and to use the information derived from such analysis to block access through a port where a host device is using a false, or spoofed, source IP address in transmitted data packets. Further, the system and method provide for validating initially learned source IP addresses, and for determining whether the number of unsuccessful attempts to validate new source IP addresses exceeds a threshold level, and where the number does exceed the threshold number the system and method can provide for operation in a possible attack mode.

System and method for source IP anti-spoofing security

A method and system may provide virtual port communications. A data frame, containing a destination identifier in a destination field and payload, may be modified by inserting a first virtual machine tag therein. The first virtual machine tag may include a first virtual port identifier for identifying a first logical interface of a first virtual machine on a virtual machine host.

Method and system for virtual port communications

A intelligent backhaul radio have an advanced antenna system for use in PTP or PMP topologies. The antenna system provides a significant diversity benefit. Antenna configurations are disclosed that provide for increased transmitter to receiver isolation, adaptive polarization and MIMO transmission equalization. Adaptive optimization of transmission parameters based upon side information provided in the form of metric feedback from a far end receiver utilizing the antenna system is also disclosed.

Intelligent backhaul radio and antenna system

In a communication method: processing for designation of a service provider, user authentication, and IP address assignment is performed by exchanging management frames between a user terminal and a service provider through an access network; and main-signal frames each having an IPoE form and containing a source Layer 2 address of the user terminal are exchanged between the user terminal and the service provider through the access network. The management frames have a form which can be discriminated from the main-signal frames in Layer 2, and the access network holds information on correspondences between source Layer 2 addresses and virtual private networks. The access network recognizes one of the virtual private networks connected to the service provider, based on the source Layer 2 address contained in each main-signal frame, and transfers the main-signal frames in Layer 2 by MAC bridging.

Method and system for enabling layer 2 transmission of IP data frame between user terminal and service provider

In an MPLS network, multicast, broadcast and address learning belonging to the layer 2 functions are realized. An ingress router comprises a frame receiving unit, a determining unit, a first frame transmitting unit, a physical address table for multicast, a label switching unit, a tunnel label table, a VCID giving unit, a L2 header creating unit and a second frame transmitting unit. The load on the network is suppressed, the band is efficiently used, and wasteful frame duplication and frame forwarding between edge routers are avoided.

Router, frame forwarding method, and lower layer frame virtual forwarding system

A method for implementing a self organizing network includes establishing a connection between a femto base station and a network access device operable to provide the femto base station with Internet access. The method also includes establishing a backhaul connection between the femto base station and a wireless service provider's network via the Internet. The method further includes establishing a wireless connection with one or more endpoints via a radio frequency (RF) channel. The method additionally includes transmitting, from the femto base station to the wireless service provider's network, neighborhood RF interference information via the backhaul connection. The method also includes receiving RF channel re-provisioning information from the wireless service provider's network and re-provisioning the RF channel. The method further includes participating in a hand-off procedure to hand-off the endpoints to the re-provisioned RF channel.

Self Organizing Network

In 2006, the IEEE 802.16 Working Group (WG) approved a Project Authorization Request (PAR) focused on the Relay Task Group (TG). The main task of this Relay TG was to develop an amendment to the IEEE Std. 802.16 enabling the operation of relay stations (RSs) in OFDMA wireless networks defined by 802.16. In September 2007, the Relay TG completed the first phase of its work, getting the WG's approval for the first draft. The final approval of this amendment is expected to take place during the second half of 2008. This paper presents the theoretical benefits and performance evaluation of relaying technology used in WiMAX wireless systems, providing insight into the rationale behind the main features adopted by the Relay TG. We describe how four different types of RSs can be implemented using different feature sets, each one optimized for a different deployment scenario. Based on the theoretical benefits and performance evaluation results, we focus on the RS type showing the most promising performance, which is the non-transparent RS operating in distributed scheduling and security mode, and outline its operation.

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Multihop Relay Extension for WiMAX Networks : Overview and Benefits of IEEE 802.16j Standard

The present invention utilizes a communication method including acquiring, with a radio base station, reception quality of the received signal received via no relay station from a radio base station measured with a radio terminal and reception quality received via a relay station from the radio base station and selecting the route for the radio terminal on the basis of both reception qualities acquired. Moreover, the present invention utilizes a relay station including a receiving unit for received signal in the transmission timing for transmission from the radio terminal notified from the radio base station, a measuring unit for measuring reception quality of the received signal obtained by the reception, and a transmitting unit for transmitting the result of measurement to the radio base station.

Masato Okuda

Papers

Method and system for enabling layer 2 transmission of IP data frame between user terminal and service provider

Router, frame forwarding method, and lower layer frame virtual forwarding system

Self Organizing Network

Multihop Relay Extension for WiMAX Networks : Overview and Benefits of IEEE 802.16j Standard

Radio terminal, relay station, radio base station and communication method