Environmental fate, toxicity and risk management strategies of nanoplastics in the environment: Current status and future perspectives.

Nanometer-thick passive films on metals usually impart remarkable resistance to general corrosion but are susceptible to localized attack in certain aggressive media, leading to material failure with pronounced adverse economic and safety consequences. Over the past decades, several classic theories have been proposed and accepted, based on hypotheses and theoretical models, and oftentimes, not sufficiently nor directly corroborated by experimental evidence. Here we show experimental results on the structure of the passive film formed on a FeCr15Ni15 single crystal in chloride-free and chloride-containing media. We use aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy to directly capture the chloride ion accumulation at the metal/film interface, lattice expansion on the metal side, undulations at the interface, and structural inhomogeneity on the film side, most of which had previously been rejected by existing models. This work unmasks, at the atomic scale, the mechanism of chloride-induced passivity breakdown that is known to occur in various metallic materials.

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Unmasking chloride attack on the passive film of metals

Coordination of Morphogenesis and Cell-Fate Specification in Development.

Self-healing, where a modification in some parameter is reversed with time without any external intervention, is one of the particularly interesting properties of halide perovskites. While there are a number of studies showing such self-healing in perovskites, they all are carried out on thin films, where the interface between the perovskite and another phase (including the ambient) is often a dominating and interfering factor in the process. Here, self-healing in perovskite (methylammonium, formamidinium, and cesium lead bromide (MAPbBr3 , FAPbBr3 , and CsPbBr3 )) single crystals is reported, using two-photon microscopy to create damage (photobleaching) ≈110 µm inside the crystals and to monitor the recovery of photoluminescence after the damage. Self-healing occurs in all three perovskites with FAPbBr3 the fastest (≈1 h) and CsPbBr3 the slowest (tens of hours) to recover. This behavior, different from surface-dominated stability trends, is typical of the bulk and is strongly dependent on the localization of degradation products not far from the site of the damage. The mechanism of self-healing is discussed with the possible participation of polybromide species. It provides a closed chemical cycle and does not necessarily involve defect or ion migration phenomena that are often proposed to explain reversible phenomena in halide perovskites.

Self-Healing Inside APbBr3 Halide Perovskite Crystals.

Corrosion resistant nanostructured eutectic high entropy alloy

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 29825; published online: 19 July 2016; updated: 30 September 2016 The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Masayasu Nagoshi, which was incorrectly given as Masayasu Yagoshi. This has now been corrected inthe PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Correction: Corrigendum: Novel technique to suppress hydrocarbon contamination for high accuracy determination of carbon content in steel by FE-EPMA

Direct imaging of native passive film on stainless steel by aberration corrected STEM

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a galvannealed steel sheet having excellent slidability during the press-forming, and excellent chemical conversion property. SOLUTION: An oxide layer having a Zn-OH bond with the mean thickness of ≥10 nm is deposited on a flat part surface layer of a plated steel sheet. Excellent slidability can be obtained consistently by uniformly depositing such an oxide layer. Further, even in the press-forming in which a contact area of a die with a work is increased with this thickness, the oxide layer on the surface layer is remained even when the steel sheet is worn, and the slidability is not degraded. In addition, by removing simple oxides such as ZnO and FeO and hydroxide such as Fe(OH) 2 from the oxide layer as much as possible, non-uniform formation of chemical conversion crystals and a large number of scales can be prevented. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Galvannealed steel sheet

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electromagnetic steel sheet with an insulation coating which can be subjected to stress relieving annealing, and has excellent corrosion resistance in the presence of chlorine ions and adhesion after stress relieving annealing. SOLUTION: The electromagnetic steel sheet with an insulation coating having excellent corrosion resistance in the presence of chlorine ions and adhesion after stress relieving annealing has the multilayer coating obtained by forming a film with a thickness of 0.2 to 1 μm comprising a phosphorous compound as a first layer on the surface of a silicon steel sheet, and further forming a film with a thickness of 0.1 to 2 μm comprising a silicate and organic resin emulsion with a particle diameter of 0.3 to 2.5 μm as a second layer on the upper layer thereof. The phosphorus compound comprises one or more selected from an inorganic phosphoric acid, inorganic phosphate, organic phosphoric acid and organic phosphate. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Electromagnetic steel sheet having insulating coating

We studied the behaviors of contrast in backscattered electron (BSE) images of cross-sectional heat-treated steel under various accelerating voltages and take-off angles. Changes in these conditions resulted in dramatic changes in contrast. Low accelerating voltage and low take-off angle improved the surface information and channeling contrast, whereas high accelerating voltage and high take-off angle enhanced the bulk information and reduced channeling contrast, resulting in improved Z contrast. Such behavior can be understood by the ratio of low-loss electrons (LLEs), which are related to channeling contrast, to the inelastic BSE components detected. The distribution of these components varies with the accelerating voltage and take-off angle: the detection ratio of LLE to inelastic BSE increases with decreasing accelerating voltage and take-off angle. The results obtained in this study will be useful for obtaining Z and crystallographic information separately in BSE images for the material of interest.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/isijinternational/51/9/51_9_1487/_pdf

Selective Backscattered Electron Imaging of Material and Channeling Contrast in Microstructures of Scale on Low Carbon Steel Controlled by Accelerating Voltage and Take-off Angle

Masayasu Nagoshi

Papers

Correction: Corrigendum: Novel technique to suppress hydrocarbon contamination for high accuracy determination of carbon content in steel by FE-EPMA

Direct imaging of native passive film on stainless steel by aberration corrected STEM

Galvannealed steel sheet

Electromagnetic steel sheet having insulating coating

Selective Backscattered Electron Imaging of Material and Channeling Contrast in Microstructures of Scale on Low Carbon Steel Controlled by Accelerating Voltage and Take-off Angle