Matthew R. Hayes

TL;DR: This Review highlights the processing and integration performed by hindbrain nuclei, focusing on the inputs received by nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neurons, and proposes that NTS (and hindbrain neurons, more broadly) integrate these multiple energy status signals and issue-output commands controlling the behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine responses that collectively govern energy balance.

TL;DR: Pharmacological and immunohistochemistry data showed that GLP-1R activation in the VTA, NAc core, and NAc shell decreased food intake, especially of highly-palatable foods, and body weight, and blockade of endogenous GLP -1R signaling in theVTA andNAc core resulted in a significant increase inFood intake, establishing a physiological relevance in the MRS.

TL;DR: Food intake suppression after peripheral administration of exendin-4 and liraglutide is mediated by activation of GLP-1R expressed on vagal afferents as well as direct central nervous system (CNS)GLP- 1R activation.

TL;DR: Results demonstrate that the nausea response accompanying peripheral exendin-4 occurs via a vagal-independent pathway involving GLP-1R activation in the brain as the exend in-4-induced pica response is attenuated with CNS co-administration of the GLP -1R antagonist ex endin-(9-39), but not by vagotomy.

TL;DR: Overall these findings demonstrate that LepRs in mNTS and AP neurons are required for normal energy balance control, as LepRKD rats showed decreased sensitivity to the intake-reducing effects of cholecystokinin.