A sensor for pulse oximetry or other applications utilizing spectrophotometry may be adapted to reduce motion artifacts by fixing the optical distance between an emitter and detector. A flexible sensor is provided with a stiffening member to hold the emitter and detector of the sensor in a relatively fixed position when applied to a patient. Further, an annular or partially annular sensor is adapted to hold an emitter and detector of the sensor in a relatively fixed position when applied to a patient. A clip-style sensor is provided with a spacer that controls the distance between the emitter and detector.

Medical sensor for reducing motion artifacts and technique for using the same

An infrastructure monitoring system and method include multiple communications devices. At least one communications device is coupled to an element of the infrastructure.

Infrastructure monitoring devices, systems, and methods.

A leak detection structure for attachment to a fire hydrant includes an enclosure, the enclosure defining a cavity internal to the enclosure and a leak detection subassembly located in the cavity, the leak detection subassembly including at least one leak detection sensor and at least one circuit.

Enclosure for leak detector

Technologies for detecting leaks in a fluid distribution system are described herein. Historical leak detection information is received from a sensor in the fluid distribution system and collected in a database. A baseline is determined from the historical leak information. Current leak detection information is then received from the sensor and the probability of a leak in the fluid distribution system is determined based on a difference between the current leak detection information and the baseline.

Detecting leaks in a fluid distribution system

The measurement of a flaw height in a thick welded portion of a stainless steel specimen, which is difficult to perform by the TOFD method, can be conducted with more ease, with higher accuracy and in a shorter time than in the case of using tip echo techniques. In addition, it is possible to reduce variations in measurement results among individual inspectors. An ultrasonic wave 21 is launched by a transmitting probe 1 into a specimen 20 in a direction oblique to a flaw 24 to generate diffracted waves at the tip 25 of the flaw 24, then a diffracted wave 22 propagating upward directly from the flaw 24 and a diffracted wave 23 propagating upwardly of the flaw 24 after once reflected off the back 27 are received by a receiving probe 2 disposed above the flaw 24, and the height of the tip of the flaw 24 from the back 27 is measured from the propagation time difference between the received diffracted waves.

Method and apparatus for measuring flaw height in ultrasonic tests

An ultrasound test apparatus for polymeric materials (e.g., plastic pipes) includes a low-absorption housing that at least partially encloses an ultrasound transducer, wherein the transducer emits a low frequency wide angle ultrasound beam with a narrow bandwidth. In especially preferred configurations and methods, the apparatus will detect flaws in polymeric pipes, and especially in welds or stressed zones of such pipes, wherein defects of less than 4% of the wall thickness (up to 4 inches) are detected. Further disclosed are configurations and methods for non-destructive detection of lack-of-fusion defects in polymeric pipes.

Configurations and methods for ultrasonic time of flight diffraction analysis

Engineers announce a major breakthrough to improve ultrasonic testing of thermoplastic pipeline butt welds.

Novel high resolution defect detection for thermoplastic Butt-Welds

The paper discusses high resolution ultrasonic time of flight diffraction method that provides an unprecedented, fast inspection and assessment method for both shop and field. It also provides pipeline operators with immediate results for risk assessments of weld integrity. The UT-TOFD method allows 2-person crews to set up, inspect, analyze, and categorize weld defects quickly - for example, 15 minutes per weld for a 32 inch diameter pipe. The method has been tested and proven effective in large scale field pipeline applications.

Matthew Yarmuch

Papers

Configurations and methods for ultrasonic time of flight diffraction analysis

Novel high resolution defect detection for thermoplastic Butt-Welds

High resolution defect detection for thermoplastic butt-welds in operating pipelines by ultrasonic tofd

Konfigurasjoner Ultralyd-testapparatur for polymer materialer

Ultrasonic detection device for polymeric material, and its using method