A survey of context modelling and reasoning techniques

Review: An overview of the Internet of Things for people with disabilities

Energy and water are of fundamental importance for our modern society, and advanced technologies on sustainable energy storage and conversion as well as water resource management are in the focus of intensive research worldwide. Beyond their traditional biological applications, hydrogels are emerging as an appealing materials platform for energy- and water-related applications owing to their attractive and tailorable physiochemical properties. In this review, we highlight the highly tunable synthesis of various hydrogels, involving key synthetic elements such as monomer/polymer building blocks, cross-linkers, and functional additives, and discuss how hydrogels can be employed as precursors and templates for architecting three-dimensional frameworks of electrochemically active materials. We then present an in-depth discussion of the structure-property relationships of hydrogel materials based on fundamental gelation chemistry, ultimately targeting properties such as enhanced ionic/electronic conductivities, mechanical strength, flexibility, stimuli-responsiveness, and desirable swelling behavior. The unique interconnected porous structures of hydrogels enable fast charge/mass transport while offering large surface areas, and the polymer-water interactions can be regulated to achieve desirable water retention, absorption, and evaporation within hydrogels. Such structure-derived properties are also intimately coordinated to realize multifunctionality and stability for different target devices. The plethora of stimulating examples is expounded with a focus on batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysts, solar water purification, and atmospheric water harvesting, which showcase the unprecedented technological potential enabled by hydrogels and hydrogel-derived materials. Finally, we study the challenges and potential ways of tackling them to reveal the underlying mechanisms and transform the current development of hydrogel materials into sustainable energy and water technologies.

Hydrogels and Hydrogel-Derived Materials for Energy and Water Sustainability.

We may not be able to make you love reading, but production workflow concepts and techniques will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.

Production workflow: concepts and techniques

Materials that efficiently transport and couple ionic and electronic charge are key to advancing a host of technological developments for next-generation bioelectronic, optoelectronic and energy storage devices. Here we highlight key progress in the design and study of organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors (OMIECs), a diverse family of soft synthetically tunable mixed conductors. Across applications, the same interrelated fundamental physical processes dictate OMIEC properties and determine device performance. Owing to ionic and electronic interactions and coupled transport properties, OMIECs demand special understanding beyond knowledge derived from the study of organic thin films and membranes meant to support either electronic or ionic processes only. We address seemingly conflicting views and terminology regarding charging processes in these materials, and highlight recent approaches that extend fundamental understanding and contribute to the advancement of materials. Further progress is predicated on multimodal and multi-scale approaches to overcome lingering barriers to OMIEC design and implementation. From optoelectronic to biomedical and energy storage applications, the interest in organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors is expanding. This Review describes current understanding of the processes occurring in these materials and their structure–property relations.

Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors.

The usage of workflow technology to model and execute business processes is widespread in many enterprises and within the software industry. With the growing maturity of sensors, wireless communication, and distributed computing environments, we can enhance this approach to enable smart workflows, which are business processes crossing the boundary to the physical world. Applications for such processes can be found in many application domains, like logistics or in smart factory environments. To realize smart workflows, workflow engines can be coupled with existing context provisioning systems. However, there is a gap between the rather low- level provisioning of context (e.g., sensor data and stock information) and the concepts needed in smart workflows (e.g., "is a spare tool available?"). The main contribution of this paper is to bridge this gap: we show how integration processes can be used to provide context information at different semantical levels for smart workflows.

Context Integration for Smart Workflows

This manuscript provides the first systematic characterization of the electrochemical properties of the high mobility n-type polymer poly{[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis (dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) and its corresponding monomer 2,6-bis(2-bromothien-5-yl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic-N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl) diimide (Br-NDI2OD-T2-Br) by cyclic voltammetry and in situ spectroelectrochemistry. Both monomer and polymer reveal a 2-fold reduction to the dianion via a radical anion species. The comparison between monomeric and polymeric species allows the explanation of the electrochemical behavior of P(NDI2OD-T2) according to redox polymers with localization of charges on the naphthalene bisimide unit. Measurements with electrolyte gated transistors suggest electron hopping transport according to mixed valence conductivity. In the last section of this paper we discuss a significant first cycle effect upon electrochemical reduction which had not b...

Electrochemical Investigations of the N-Type Semiconducting Polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) and Its Monomer: New Insights in the Reduction Behavior

In a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) based on Web Service technology the services typically communicate with each other by passing data values directly from one service to another. In the case the services are orchestrated by workflows the services receive their input values from the workflow engine and return their calculated results back to the engine by value. In this paper we show several use cases where such value passing behavior has drawbacks. To address this challenge we introduce the concept of pointers in SOA. Pointers allow services to pass their data by reference which is a fundamental advantage for Web Service communication. Furthermore we show an extension of BPEL that introduces reference variables as new type of data containers in workflows. In addition, for the management of pointers we present the Reference Resolution System which can be used in very flexible setups either as central or distributed system.

Towards Reference Passing in Web Service and Workflow-Based Applications

With the growing adoption of Cloud Computing, automated deployment and provisioning systems for Cloud applications are becoming more prevalent. They help to reduce the onboarding costs for new customers as well as the financial impact of managing Cloud Services by automating these previously manual tasks. With the widespread use of such systems, the adoption of a common standard for describing Cloud applications will provide a crucial advantage by enabling reusable and portable applications. TOSCA, a newly published standard by OASIS with broad industry participation provides this opportunity. Besides the technical requirements of running and managing applications in the cloud, non-functional requirements, like cost, security, and environmental issues, are of special importance when moving towards the automated provisioning and management of Cloud applications. In this paper we demonstrate how non-functional requirements are defined in TOSCA using policies. We propose a mechanism for automatic processing of these formal policy definitions in a TOSCA runtime environment that we have developed based on the proposed architecture of the TOSCA primer. In order to evaluate our approach, we present prototypical implementations of security policies for encrypting databases and for limiting the geographical location of the Cloud servers. We demonstrate how our runtime environment is ensuring these policies and show how they affect the deployment of the application.

Policy4TOSCA: A Policy-Aware Cloud Service Provisioning Approach to Enable Secure Cloud Computing

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticlePDF/2017/GC/C7GC00334J

Matthias Wieland

Papers

Context Integration for Smart Workflows

Electrochemical Investigations of the N-Type Semiconducting Polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) and Its Monomer: New Insights in the Reduction Behavior

Towards Reference Passing in Web Service and Workflow-Based Applications

Policy4TOSCA: A Policy-Aware Cloud Service Provisioning Approach to Enable Secure Cloud Computing

Dissolution of pyrite and other Fe–S–As minerals using deep eutectic solvents