2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension.

This article considers the role of the hippocampus in memory function. A central thesis is that work with rats, monkeys, and humans--which has sometimes seemed to proceed independently in 3 separate literatures--is now largely in agreement about the function of the hippocampus and related structures. A biological perspective is presented, which proposes multiple memory systems with different functions and distinct anatomical organizations. The hippocampus (together with anatomically related structures) is essential for a specific kind of memory, here termed declarative memory (similar terms include explicit and relational). Declarative memory is contrasted with a heterogeneous collection of nondeclarative (implicit) memory abilities that do not require the hippocampus (skills and habits, simple conditioning, and the phenomenon of priming). The hippocampus is needed temporarily to bind together distributed sites in neocortex that together represent a whole memory.

Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.

https://bic.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Rossi_09_TMS%20safety%20review.pdf

Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research

Laboratory Features Elevation of sarcoplasmic enzymes in serum (creatine phosphokinase, aldolase, transaminases and lactic dehydrogenase) is valuable both for diagnosis and for following the clinic...

Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts)

Exposure to an enriched environment increases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rodents. Environmental enrichment, however, typically consists of many components, such as expanded learning opportunities, increased social interaction, more physical activity and larger housing. We attempted to separate components by assigning adult mice to various conditions: water-maze learning (learner), swim-time-yoked control (swimmer), voluntary wheel running (runner), and enriched (enriched) and standard housing (control) groups. Neither maze training nor yoked swimming had any effect on bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cell number. However, running doubled the number of surviving newborn cells, in amounts similar to enrichment conditions. Our findings demonstrate that voluntary exercise is sufficient for enhanced neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus.

http://www.neurogenesisresearch.com/Runing_and_Neurogenesis_Nat.pdf

Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus.

This book covers broad aspects of clinical neurology necessary fro clinical practice. The organization is unique, starting from patient approach, cardinal manifestations of neurological disease, to specific neruological diseases. New developments in neurology, such as molecular neurology and genetics, are incorporated in this edition. The inherited metabolic, congenital, developmental, and psychiatric disorders are largely emphasized.

Principles of Neurology

In the course of our studies of the neuropathology of alcoholism, which were begun at the Neurological Unit, Boston City Hospital, and have continued in the laboratories of the Neurology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, two of us (R. D. A. and M. V.) observed three, perhaps four, cases in which the myelin sheaths of all the nerve fibers in the central part of the basis pontis had been destroyed in a single, large, symmetric focus. The nerve cells and axis cylinders were spared for the most part, and the blood vessels were patent and unaffected. There were no signs of inflammation in or near the lesion. The disease had occurred on a background of alcoholism and malnutrition; in the two cases with the largest lesions, it had manifested itself clinically by a pseudobulbar palsy and quadriplegia, leading to death in about 13 and 26 days. In the other two cases

Central Pontine Myelinolysis: A Hitherto Undescribed Disease Occurring in Alcoholic and Malnourished Patients

The Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome and Related Neurologic Disorders due to Alcoholism and Malnutrition.

The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. A clinical and pathological study of 245 patients, 82 with post-mortem examinations

No coherent theory has been advanced to explain either the particular localization of the myelinolytic lesions of central pontine myelinolysis or their pathogenesis. However, several lines of evidence support the generalization that the centre of the basis pontis has a special susceptibility to a metabolic fault. The constancy of localization of the lesion and its bilateral symmetry are the very attributes that characterize other metabolic (nutritional) disorders, such as the assymmetrical degeneragion of the papillomacular bundles within the optic nerves and tracts in deficiency amblyopia and the specific affection of the paraventricular regions in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. And clinically, the frequent occurrence of central pontine myelinolysis in a setting of severe metabolic derangement, particularly of the serum sodium, points in the same direction.

Maurice Victor

Papers

Principles of Neurology

Central Pontine Myelinolysis: A Hitherto Undescribed Disease Occurring in Alcoholic and Malnourished Patients

The Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome and Related Neurologic Disorders due to Alcoholism and Malnutrition.

The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. A clinical and pathological study of 245 patients, 82 with post-mortem examinations

Pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis