An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Self-Organizing Map

This paper reviews current optimization technique developed to solve reservoir operation problems in water resources. The application of conventional, especially evolutionary computation, combination of simulation-optimization and multi objectives optimization in reservoir operation will be discussed and investigated. Furthermore, new optimization algorithm from other applications will be presented by focusing on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) as alternative methods that can be explored by researchers in water resources field. Finally this paper looks into the challenges and issues of climate change in reservoir optimization.

Reservoir Optimization in Water Resources: a Review

Assessment of hydrology, sediment and particulate organic carbon yield in a large agricultural catchment using the SWAT model

Evaluation of stochastic reservoir operation optimization models

The demand for fresh water in Hambantota District, Sri Lanka is rapidly increasing with the enormous amount of ongoing development projects in the region. Nevertheless, the district experiences periodic water stress conditions due to seasonal precipitation patterns and scarcity of surface water resources. Therefore, management of available groundwater resources is critical, to fulfil potable water requirements in the area. However, exploitation of groundwater should be carried out together with artificial recharging in order to maintain the long term sustainability of water resources. In this study, a GIS approach was used to delineate potential artificial recharge sites in Ambalantota area within Hambantota. Influential thematic layers such as rainfall, lineament, slope, drainage, land use/land cover, lithology, geomorphology and soil characteristics were integrated by using a weighted linear combination method. Results of the study reveal high to moderate groundwater recharge potential in approximately 49% of Ambalantota area.

An approach to delineate groundwater recharge potential sites in Ambalantota, Sri Lanka using GIS techniques

Runoff and sediment yield modeling from a small agricultural watershed in India using the WEPP model

With population increase, lack of conventional fresh water resources and uncertainties due to climate change, there is growing interest in the arid and semi-arid areas to increase groundwater recharge with recycled water. Finding the best locations for artificial recharge of groundwater in such areas is one of the most crucial design steps to guarantee the long life and the sustainability of these projects. This study presents two ways to go about performing analysis; creating a suitability map to find out the suitability of every location on the map and another way is querying the created data sets to obtain a Boolean result of true or false map. These techniques have been applied on Sadat Industrial City which is located in a semi arid area in the western desert fringes of The Nile delta in the north west of Egypt. Thematic layers for number of parameters were prepared from some maps and satellite images and they have been classified, weighted and integrated in ArcGIS environment. By the means of the overlay weighted model in ArcGIS a suitability map which is classified into number of priority zones was obtained and it could be compared with the obtained true-false map of Boolean logic. Both methods suggested mostly the northern parts of the city for groundwater recharge; however the weighted model could give more accurate suitability map while Boolean logic suggested wider ranges of areas. This study recommends Boolean logic as a first estimator for locating the best locations as it is easier and not time consuming, while the overlay weighted model for more accurate results.

Application of the overlay weighted model and boolean logic to determine the best locations for artificial recharge of groundwater

The pre-calibrated and validated physically based watershed model, water erosion prediction project (WEPP) was used as a modelling tool for the identification of critical watersheds and evaluation of best management practices for a small hilly watershed (Karso) of India. The land use/cover of the study area was generated using IRS-1C LISS-III (linear imaging self scanner) satellite data. The watershed and sub-watershed boundaries, drainage, slope and soil map of the study area were generated using ARC/INFO geographic information system (GIS). The WEPP model was finally applied to the Karso watershed which lies within Damodar Barakar catchment of India to identify the critical sub-watersheds on the basis of their simulated average annual sediment yields. Priorities were fixed on the basis of ranks assigned to each critical sub-watershed based on the susceptibility to erosion. The sub-watershed having the highest sediment yield was assigned a priority number 1, the next highest value was assigned a priority number 2, and so on. Subsequently, the model was used for evaluating the effectiveness of best management practices (crop and tillage) for conservation of soil for all the sub-watersheds. On the basis of this study, it is realized that cash crops like soyabean should be encouraged in the upland portion of the sub-watersheds, and the existing tillage practice (country plough/mould board plough) may be replaced by a field cultivation system for conservation of soil and water in the sub-watersheds.

Max Billib

Papers

Evaluation of stochastic reservoir operation optimization models

Runoff and sediment yield modeling from a small agricultural watershed in India using the WEPP model

Application of the overlay weighted model and boolean logic to determine the best locations for artificial recharge of groundwater

Application of the WEPP model for prioritization and evaluation of best management practices in an Indian watershed

Infiltration parameters for furrow irrigation