Showing papers by "Md. Farhad Hossain published in 2018"

Renewable Energy Assisted Cost Aware Sustainable Off-Grid Base Stations With Energy Cooperation

Abstract: With the growing awareness of environmental implications and fossil fuel crisis, renewable energy harvesting (EH) technology has shown remarkable aptitude in green cellular networking and is expected to be pervasively utilized by telecom operators aiming to reduce carbon footprints. To take the full advantage of renewable EH technology, we proposed an energy sustainable paradigm to address energy self-reliance, eco-sustainability, and minimize the networks energy cost while meeting the quality of service requirements. This paper investigates the techno-economic feasibility of integrated renewable energy powered off-grid cellular base stations (BSs) taking into the account of stochastic behavior of RE generation and traffic intensity for remote areas in Bangladesh. Thereafter, a hybrid energy cooperation framework is formulated to optimally determine the quantities of RE exchanged among BSs via physically installed power cables. Under the proposed framework, each BS is equipped with on-site solar module/wind turbine coupled with an independent storage device, whereas collocated BSs are inter-connected through resistive lines. Extensive simulation is carried out for evaluating optimal system architecture, energy yield analysis, and cost assessment in the context of downlink long-term evolution cellular networks varying different system parameters. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system performance pertaining to net present cost and energy savings. Finally, a comprehensive comparison with other schemes is provided for further validation.

A Prototype Air Flow Control System for Home Automation Using MQTT Over Websocket in AWS IoT Core

Abstract: Amazon Web Services have recently developed their IoT platform, AWS IoT Core, which integrates all the necessary functions required for developing an IoT system. Our objective in this paper is to explore some of those functions and their integration in our designed project. In light of this, we develop and present a prototype air flow control system for home automation using AWS IoT Core and MQTT protocol over Websocket server. The advantages obtained in the choice of modules, communication protocols and services are explained in depth. System architecture, its implementation and performance analysis are also presented.

Performance of Coordinated Scheduling in Downlink LTE-A under User Mobility

Abstract: Resource scheduling, in LTE, plays a pivotal role to determine the user equipment (UE) throughput. The performance of a scheduler is primarily affected by the associated latency and UE mobility. These can significantly deteriorate the overall system efficiency. Coordinated multipoint (CoMP) is considered as one of the primary downlink transmission technique to improve data transmission efficiency. A key feature of CoMP is coordinated scheduling (CS). This coordination can be centralized or distributed. These improve interference management but at the cost of an increased latency and backhaul traffic, which potentially reduces the overall achievable throughput of the system. The effect becomes significantly important when UE mobility is considered which further degrades the received UE signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR). This degrades the performance of a scheduler. In this paper, we have simulated, analyzed and compared several LTE downlink parameters between centralized coordinated scheduling (C-CS) and distributed coordinated scheduling (D-CS) for various channel bandwidths and UE densities under multiple UE velocity to determine which CS scheme is comparatively more efficient for high velocity UEs and under large UE densitites.

Dynamic Clustering Approach for Interference Cancellation in Downlink C-RAN

Abstract: Coordinated MultiPoint (CoMP) transmission and reception is one of the popular method in cellular system which can improve average signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio by mitigating the intra-cluster interference. But in case of cluster edge user, this method does not deal with inter cluster interference. It happens because of the limited size of CoMP cluster, which results minimal performance for the users at CoMP cluster boundaries. The Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN) is a new centralized paradigm which can efiicently address the challenges of cluster edge user. In this paper, we propose a C-RAN system model with dynamic clustering approach which can reduce inter-cluster interference. Compared to traditional CoMP cluster, C-RAN cluster decreases both the Bit Error Rate(BER) and the outage probability. And our simulation results prove the correctness of proposed scheme.

An Architecture for M2M Communications Over Cellular Networks Using Clustering and Hybrid TDMA-NOMA

Abstract: Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications have now become a highly promising affiliate of the future fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. This paper proposes a novel architecture for M2M communications over cellular networks. $k$-mean clustering for machines as well as cluster head (CH) reselection method is applied in order to balance the power consumption within the machines to increase their battery life. For communication between CH and member machines, time division multiple access (TDMA) is proposed. On the other hand, for communication between CH and BS, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology is considered. Performance of the proposed architecture is evaluated through extensive MATLAB simulations. Results clearly demonstrates the capability of the proposed architecture in improving the lifetime of machines and reducing communication delays. Comparisons with other counterparts also attests superior energy efficiency and delay performance of the proposed architecture.

Energy Sustainable Traffic Aware Hybrid Powered Off-Grid Cloud Radio Access Network

Abstract: The aggregate power supply of solar photovoltaic (PV) and diesel generator (DG) is an attractive solution for the next generation off-grid cellular network where the electricity is not available. In this paper, we emphasized on energy efficiency (EE) for cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architecture in the context of 5G cellular networks with hybrid supply. The intermittent nature of PV generation is counter balanced by the DG supply which has emerged as a promising option for energy sustainability. The prime aim is to maximum utilization of green energy harvested from installed PV panels for greener the envisioned network. In addition, the environmental effect such as carbon footprint has been comprehensively analyzed by varying solar capacity. An extensive simulation has been carried out for evaluating EE performance of the proposed network varying different system parameters such as transmission power, solar module capacity in consideration of the real traffic demand. Numerical results justify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Optimization of Network Sustainability for LTE BS Deployment in Bangladesh with Hybrid Supplies

Abstract: Integration of green energy harvesting (EH) technology with non-renewable energy (RE) source has shown a remarkable aptitude for maintaining cellular network sustainability. This paper proposes an energy sustainable framework to increase self-reliance and network feasibility of the remote cellular base stations (BSs) in Bangladesh with hybrid power supply. As a result, this paper address an aggregate solar PV, wind turbine (WT), diesel generator (DG) power supply solution with adequate energy storage device for remote radio head (RRH) enabled macro BSs in the context of Long Term Evolution (LTE). A hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software is used to analyze the system performance in terms of optimal design architecture, energy yield analysis, cost assessment, and carbon footprints varying different parameters. The ultimate goal of the optimization process is to minimize the use of fuel consumption through maximizing green energy utilization. Results investigate the long-term viability of the proposed scheme regarding least net present cost (NPC).

Energy Efficiency of Renewable Powered Cloud Radio Access Network

Abstract: Energy efficiency (EE) in the next generation cellular networks has become a prime concern with the availability of high-speed internet access and diverse multimedia applications. Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) has shown remarkable aptitude to enable this aspiring vision in the context of fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. An enormous deployment of cellular base stations (BSs) worldwide has led massive grid power consumption, which deteriorates the EE performance. With the growing awareness of network operational expenditure (OPEX) and carbon footprints, mobile operators are increasingly moving towards renewable energy (RE) sources. In this paper, we propose a RE enabled C-RAN (RE-CRAN) architecture in which all the network entities are powered by both commercial grid supply and RE source aiming to enhance EE. Comprehensive Monte-Carlo based simulations have been carried out to evaluate the EE performance. Thereafter, the proposed framework is compared with the existing C-RAN infrastructure to validate the scheme.

PV-Powered CoMP-Based Green Cellular Networks with a Standby Grid Supply.

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel framework for PV-powered cellular networks with a standby grid supply and an essential energy management technique for achieving envisaged green networks. The proposal considers an emerging cellular network architecture employing two types of coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission techniques for serving the subscribers. Under the proposed framework, each base station (BS) is powered by an individual PV solar energy module having an independent storage device. BSs are also connected to the conventional grid supply for meeting additional energy demand. We also propose a dynamic inter-BS solar energy sharing policy through a transmission line for further greening the proposed network by minimizing the consumption from the grid supply. An extensive simulation-based study in the downlink of a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular system is carried out for evaluating the energy efficiency performance of the proposed framework. System performance is also investigated for identifying the impact of various system parameters including storage factor, storage capacity, solar generation capacity, transmission line loss, and different CoMP techniques.