Attempt to mitigate marine engine emissions with improved performance by the investigation of alcohol inclusion in sunflower biodiesel-sunflower oil-diesel blend

The demand for sustainable alternative-fuels in the transportation and agriculture domains is essential due to the quick depletion of petroleum supplies and the growing environmental challenges. The ternary-blends (diesel, biodiesel, and Methyl oleate) have the ability to report the existing challenges in this area because they offer significant promise for reducing exhaust emissions and improving engine performance. In the current work, soy methyl ester is blended with methyl oleate and diesel. The emissions and performance of blended biodiesel was conducted in common rail direct injection engine (CRDI). The characterization and physical properties were also evaluated by utilizing various methods like Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis Spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. FTIR spectra showed the existence of the strong C=O, indicating the presence of FAME at 1745 cm−1. Again, UV-vis has reported the appearance of conjugated dienes in the oxidized biodiesel. The results indicated all blended samples retained the properties of diesel. The addition of methyl oleate improved brake specific fuel consumption of blended biodiesel almost near to diesel. D50::S80:M20 produced a mean reduction in hydrocarbon 42.64% compared to diesel. The average carbon monoxide emission reduction for D50::S80:M20 was 49.36% as against diesel.

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Performance, Emission, and Spectroscopic Analysis of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Ternary Biofuel Blends

Understanding the physical properties of distillate petroleum fuels like gasoline and diesel is very critical to ensure the normal operation of internal combustion (IC) engines with regards to processes like spray atomization, heating, evaporation etc. Two of most important physical properties are density and viscosity. Many factors such as molecular structure, molecular weight, temperature etc. effect the physical properties of the fuel. The present work deals with the development of a machine learning model for predicting the density and viscosity of petroleum fuels containing oxygenated chemical classes such as alcohols, esters, ketones and aldehydes. The model was developed using the molecular structure of the compounds expressed in the form of functional groups as inputs. The density and viscosity of 164 pure compounds spanning various chemical families and 14 blends of known compositions was collected from the literature. An artificial neural network model (ANN) for predicting density and viscosity was developed using the neural network tool in Matlab. Each of the ANN model was tested against 15% of the data and the results show that the models were able to successfully predict the density and viscosity of the unseen data points to a good accuracy. A regression coefficient of 0.99 (for density) and 0.98 (for viscosity) was obtained for the test set. The developed models can be used to predict and screen the density and viscosity of real petroleum fuels containing drop in oxygenated bio-fuels. 

Predicting physical properties of oxygenated gasoline and diesel range fuels using machine learning

Enhancement of the applicability of Jatropha biodiesel in a diesel engine using n-heptanol and multiwalled carbon nanotube additives

A comparative study for the n-butanol/n-octanol and n-butanol/ di-n-butylether fueled dual-fuel engines with different injection timings

The fast depletion of the petroleum reserves and the rising environmental threats have created an urgent need for sustainable-alternate fuels for the transport and agricultural sectors. In this regard, the ternary blends (diesel–biodiesel-alcohol) have the potential to address the above concerns as they offer huge potential in mitigating exhaust emissions and enhancing engine performance. In the present work, jatropha biodiesel and heptanol have been used as oxygenated additives in the ternary blends in order to save considerable quanta of diesel fuel by restricting its volumetric content to only 40 %. In addition, the fuel injection pressure (IP) is a vital factor that determines the performance and emissions of CI (Compression Ignition) engines. The impact of variations of IP on the performance and emission of CI engine fuelled with ternary blends needs fresh investigation. The previous works lack the analysis of high IP variation in diesel engine fuelled with ternary blend that involve higher alcohol. This experimental work aims to investigate the improvement in CI engine performance and reduction in the exhaust emissions by applying varied IP to the engine powered with diesel-jatropha biodiesel-heptanol blends. In this context, four different ternary blends were prepared by varying biodiesel and heptanol contents from 20 to 50 % and 10–40 %, respectively. The ternary blends were tested in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection CI engine by varying the IP from 400 to 500 bar at 10 and 20 Nm engine loads while maintaining the engine speed at 1800 rpm. The results indicated that DBOHep20 achieved a maximum reduction of CO and smoke emissions by 57.4 % and 91.6 %, respectively. The lowest NO x emission was achieved by DBHep40 which was found to be 13.27 % lower than diesel. In the case of engine performance, DBHep40 resulted in lowest BSFC and highest BTE which were found to be just 12.5 % higher and 3.9 % lower than diesel, respectively. The lower IP leads to lesser emissions with a slight compromise with engine performance. 

Investigation of high fuel injection pressure variation on compression ignition engines powered by jatropha oil methyl ester-heptanol-diesel blends

An investigation of performance and emission of diesel engine by using quaternary blends of neem biodiesel–neem oil–decanol–diesel

Diesel emissions have resulted in air pollution, which is harmful to the sustaining of life. The concerns of energy security and poor air quality have propelled researchers to seek alternate and environment-friendly fuels for the transport sector, keeping diesel engines at the core. Thus, a quaternary blend (diesel-biodiesel-vegetable oil-alcohol) proves to be a promising key to address the above problems. This experimental work focuses aims on investigating the performance and emissions of a diesel engine powered with quaternary blends by changing the fuel injection pressure. The quaternary blend comprised of diesel, neem biodiesel, pure neem oil, and decanol was used to prepare quaternary blends of varied volumetric proportions. This study involves the testing of quaternary blends at varied fuel injection pressure (IP) ranging from 400–500 bar. The engine load varied from 10 Nm to 20 Nm, and the shaft speed was constant at 2000 rpm. It was evident from the outcomes that the least DBODec45 resulted in minimum carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions, which were obtained to be 83.33% and 54.5% less than diesel at 500 bar and at a load of 10 Nm and 20 Nm, respectively. Moreover, the blend containing 45% of decanol led to the lowest NOx and smoke concentrations. The lowest brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was achieved at 500 bar and 20 Nm for the same blend and was found to be 3.22% higher than diesel. Moreover, at the same IP and load, DBODec45 led to highest BTE, which was 3.26% lower than pure diesel.

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Md Modassir Khan

Papers

Investigation of high fuel injection pressure variation on compression ignition engines powered by jatropha oil methyl ester-heptanol-diesel blends

Attempt to mitigate marine engine emissions with improved performance by the investigation of alcohol inclusion in sunflower biodiesel-sunflower oil-diesel blend

An investigation of performance and emission of diesel engine by using quaternary blends of neem biodiesel–neem oil–decanol–diesel

Emission Reduction and Performance Enhancement of CI Engine Propelled by Neem Biodiesel-Neem Oil-Decanol-Diesel Blends at High Injection Pressure