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Computation And Interpretation Of Biological Statistics Of Fish Populations

Book reviewFishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Volume II. P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese (Editors). UNESCO Press, Paris, 1986, pp. 510–1007, FF 250, Dfl 105.00, ISBN 92-3-002308-6

Sea cucumbers, belonging to the class Holothuroidea, are marine invertebrates, habitually found in the benthic areas and deep seas across the world. They have high commercial value coupled with increasing global production and trade. Sea cucumbers, informally named as beche-de-mer, or gamat, have long been used for food and folk medicine in the communities of Asia and Middle East. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenic, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antitumor and wound healing have been ascribed to various species of sea cucumbers. Therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactives especially triterpene glycosides (saponins), chondroitin sulfates, glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), sulfated polysaccharides, sterols (glycosides and sulfates), phenolics, cerberosides, lectins, peptides, glycoprotein, glycosphingolipids and essential fatty acids. This review is mainly designed to cover the high-value components and bioactives as well as the multiple biological and therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers with regard to exploring their potential uses for functional foods and nutraceuticals.

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High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review

Medical toxicology: Diagnosis and treatment of human poisoning

The Collective Article ‘New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records’ of the Mediterranean Marine Science journal offers the means to publish biodiversity records in the Mediterranean Sea. The current article is divided in two parts, for records of alien and native species respectively. The new records of alien species include: the red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis (Crete and Lakonicos Gulf) (Greece); the red alga Grateloupia turuturu (along the Israeli Mediterranean shore); the mantis shrimp Clorida albolitura (Gulf of Antalya, Turkey); the mud crab Dyspanopeus sayi (Mar Piccolo of Taranto, Ionian Sea); the blue crab Callinectes sapidus (Chios Island, Greece); the isopod Paracerceis sculpta (northern Aegean Sea, Greece); the sea urchin Diadema setosum (Gokova Bay, Turkey); the molluscs Smaragdia souverbiana , Murex forskoehlii , Fusinus verrucosus , Circenita callipyga , and Aplysia dactylomela (Syria); the cephalaspidean mollusc Haminoea cyanomarginata (Baia di Puolo, Massa Lubrense, Campania, southern Italy); the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva (Civitavecchia, Tyrrhenian Sea); the fangtooth moray Enchelycore anatine (Plemmirio marine reserve, Sicily); the silver-cheeked toadfish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Saros Bay, Turkey; and Ibiza channel, Spain); the Indo-Pacific ascidian Herdmania momusin Kastelorizo Island (Greece); and the foraminiferal Clavulina multicam erata (Saronikos Gulf, Greece). The record of L. sceleratus in Spain consists the deepest (350-400m depth) record of the species in the Mediterranean Sea. The new records of native species include: first record of the ctenophore Cestum veneris in Turkish marine waters; the presence of Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria polii in the Bay of Igoumenitsa (Greece); the first recorded sighting of the bull ray Pteromylaeus bovinus in Maltese waters; and a new record of the fish Lobotes surinamensis from Maliakos Gulf.

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New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (October, 2014)

Proximate composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of three commercial sea cucumbers; Holothuria tubulosa, Holothuria polii and Holothuria mammata caught from Aegean Sea of Turkey were analysed. The effects of regional variation and drying process on FA composition were also investigated. Moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the species ranged between 81.24% and 85.24%, 7.88% and 8.82%, 0.09% and 0.18%, and 5.13% and 7.85%, respectively, with a significant changes among species (P < 0.05) with some exceptions. Although FA values varied significantly (P < 0.05) among species and regions, the changes for most FA types representing the same region for different species were not significantly different. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found to be higher than total saturated (SFA) and monosaturated FAs (MUFA) accounting for 53.0-62.12% for ∑PUFA, 13.28-16.41% for ∑MUFA and 13.99-19.21% for ∑SFA. While some individual SFAs and PUFAs decreased after drying process, various individual FAs of MUFA increased in their amounts (P < 0.05). Among PUFAs, the highest mean value of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for all regions were determined for H. polii as 7.25% and H. tubulosa as 12.37% in fresh samples, respectively. This study represents new information relating to FA contents and drying effect on FA profile for these species.

Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three different fresh and dried commercial sea cucumbers from Turkey

Assessment of sea cucumber populations from the Aegean Sea (Turkey): First insights to sustainable management of new fisheries

Commercial sea cucumber species in the Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Marmara in Turkey are not consumed domestically but are exported to Asian countries. It is thought that 37 species in the family Holothuriidae are found in the Mediterranean (Fischer et al. 1987). Prior to 2002, there was no regulation regarding the harvesting of commercial sea cucumbers. In 2002, a regulation was established prohibiting sea cucumber fishing during the reproduction period in order to protect sea cucumber stocks (Anonymous 2002). However, there is very little information concerning existing sea cucumber stocks and fishery activities in Tur-key. This study examines the potential sea cucum-ber fishery in Turkey.

The commercial sea cucumber fishery in Turkey

Basic biological information of the puffer fish Lagocephalus sceleratus is presented based on a 2 year study. A sample of 656 fish with total lengths ranging from 12.5 to 65 cm was collected from commercial catches and fishing line at the Antalya Bay between December 2008 and January 2010. Males made up 51.3% whereas females 48.7% of the population. The length - weight relationship was given by TW = 0.012 TL2.979. The Bhattacharya method was used to separate cohorts from a length frequency distribution obtained pooling monthly samplings. The von Bertalanffy growth model was used to fit growth curve to the length frequency data. The von Bertalanffy growth equation were Lt=126.11(1-e-0.099(t+1.4349)). The spawning takes place during early summer. Relative fecundity was 780.8±171.8 eggs g-1 the total body weight and average egg size was 640 μm in diameter in June. Analysis of the diet composition showed that the fish is carnivorous and crustaceans are the major food items for L. sceleratus.

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Growth, Reproduction and Diet of Pufferfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) from Turkey’s Mediterranean Sea Coast

Sea cucumber fisheries are now occurring in most of the tropical areas of the world, having expanded from its origin in the central Indo-Pacific. Due to the overexploitation of these resources and the increasing demand from Asian countries, new target species from Mediterranean Sea and northeastern Atlantic Ocean are being caught. The fishery effects on biometry and genetic structure of two target species (Holothuria polii and H. tubulosa) from Turkey, were assessed. The heaviest and largest individuals of H. polii were found into the non-fishery area of Kusadasi, also showing the highest genetic diversity. Similar pattern was detected in H. tubulosa, but only the weight was significantly higher in the protected area. However, the observed differences on the fishery effects between species, could be explained considering the different percentage of catches (80% for H. polii and 20% for H. tubulosa).

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Mehmet Aydin

Papers

Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three different fresh and dried commercial sea cucumbers from Turkey

Assessment of sea cucumber populations from the Aegean Sea (Turkey): First insights to sustainable management of new fisheries

The commercial sea cucumber fishery in Turkey

Growth, Reproduction and Diet of Pufferfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) from Turkey’s Mediterranean Sea Coast

Effects of fishery protection on biometry and genetic structure of two target sea cucumber species from the Mediterranean Sea