Silane adhesion mechanism in dental applications and surface treatments: A review.

Advanced Collagen-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Biomedicine

Zirconia surface modifications for implant dentistry

Currently, the functional monomer 10-methacryloyloxy-decyl-dihydrogen-phosphate (10-MDP) was documented to chemically bond to zirconia ceramics. However, little research has been conducted to unravel the underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to assess the chemical interaction and to demonstrate the mechanisms of coordination between 10-MDP and zirconium oxide using 1H and 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and two dimensional (2D) 1H → 31P heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) NMR. In addition, shear bond-strength (SBS) tests were conducted to determine the effect of 10-MDP concentration on the bonding effectiveness to zirconia. These SBS tests revealed a 10-MDP concentration-dependent SBS with a minimum of 1-ppb 10-MDP needed. 31P-NMR revealed that one P-OH non-deprotonated of the PO3H2 group from 10-MDP chemically bonded strongly to zirconia. 1H-31P HETCOR NMR indicated that the 10-MDP monomer can be adsorbed onto the zirconia particles by hydrogen bonding between the P=O and Zr-OH groups or via ionic interactions between partially positive Zr and deprotonated 10-MDP (P-O−). The combination of 1H NMR and 2D 1H-31P HETCOR NMR enabled to describe the different chemical states of the 10-MDP bonds with zirconia; they not only revealed ionic but also hydrogen bonding between 10-MDP and zirconia.

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Chemical interaction mechanism of 10-MDP with zirconia

Increasing demand for simplified and user-friendly adhesive systems has led to the development of a new class of adhesives termed as Universal Adhesives (UAs). The term "Universal" reflects manufacturers' claims that these adhesives can be applied with any adhesion strategy and offer the versatility of use with a variety of direct and indirect restorative materials. The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature regarding the current status of UAs, their adhesion potential to various substrates and their performance in different restorative situations. In vitro studies, clinical trials and systematic reviews were identified utilizing controlled vocabulary and keyword searches in Medline and EMBASE databases. About 282 studies (272 in vitro studies; 11 clinical studies) were included. Available laboratory and clinical evidence does not support the claim that UAs can be used with any adhesive strategy. Although, they can chemically bond to various tooth and direct/indirect restorative substrates, the stability of this bond is material-dependent and subject to hydrolytic degradation. Hence, additional measures are still needed to ensure long-term durability. which undermines the versatility of UAs. The lack of long-term data regarding the clinical performance of UAs further complicates clinical decision-making. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2121-2131, 2019.

Universal dental adhesives: Current status, laboratory testing, and clinical performance

Comparison of resin bonding improvements to zirconia between one-bottle universal adhesives and tribochemical silica coating, which is better?

The effects of water on degradation of the zirconia-resin bond.

Purpose To test the hypothesis that the concentration of 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) in zirconia primers has no effect on the chemical bonding efficacy of methacrylate resins to yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP). Materials and methods Shear bond strength testing was performed to evaluate the efficacy of experimental primers containing 5, 10, 15, 20 or 30 wt% MDP (5M, 10M, 15M, 20M, 30M) in improving composite-zirconia bond strength. Bonding without use of MDP-containing primer served as the negative control (Ctr0). Bonding with a commercially available MDP-containing primer served as the positive control (CtrM). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and computational simulation of infrared spectra were used to confirm the formation of Zr-O-P bond between MDP and Y-TZP. Results Results derived from TGA, ICP-MS, XPS, and FT-IR suggested that MDP chemically bonded with Y-TZP. Simulation of IR data supported the FT-IR results. There was a higher concentration of phosphorus on the 10M-conditioned Y-TZP surface when compared with the other groups, suggesting bettter formation of Zr-O-P bond in the 10M group. Shear bond strengths were significantly lower for group 5M (p 0.05). Conclusions MDP improves resin bonding of zirconia through the formation of Zr-O-P bonds with zirconia. 10 wt% MDP appears to be the most optimal concentration for synthesizing zirconia primers for resin bonding.

Effect of 10-Methacryloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate Concentration on Chemical Coupling of Methacrylate Resin to Yttria-stabilized Zirconia.

Chemical affinity of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate to dental zirconia: Effects of molecular structure and solvents.

The present work examined the effects of dipentaerythritol penta-acrylate phosphate (PENTA) as an alternative phosphate ester monomer for bonding of methacrylate-based resins to yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) and further investigated the potential bonding mechanism involved. Shear bond strength testing was performed to evaluate the efficacy of experimental PENTA-containing primers (5, 10, 15, 20 or 30 wt% PENTA in acetone) in improving resin-Y-TZP bond strength. Bonding without the use of a PENTA-containing served as the negative control, and a Methacryloyloxidecyl dihydrogenphosphate(MDP)-containing primer was used as the positive control. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to investigate the potential existence of chemical affinity between PENTA and Y-TZP. Shear bond strengths were significant higher in the 15 and 20 wt% PENTA groups. The ICP-MS, XPS and FTIR data indicated that the P content on the Y-TZP surface increased as the concentration of PENTA increased in the experimental primers, via the formation of Zr–O–P bond. Taken together, the results attest that PENTA improves resin bonding of Y-TZP through chemical reaction with Y-TZP. Increasing the concentration of PENTA augments its binding affinity but not its bonding efficacy with zirconia.

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Mengke Qian

Papers

Comparison of resin bonding improvements to zirconia between one-bottle universal adhesives and tribochemical silica coating, which is better?

The effects of water on degradation of the zirconia-resin bond.

Effect of 10-Methacryloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate Concentration on Chemical Coupling of Methacrylate Resin to Yttria-stabilized Zirconia.

Chemical affinity of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate to dental zirconia: Effects of molecular structure and solvents.

Dipentaerythritol penta-acrylate phosphate - an alternative phosphate ester monomer for bonding of methacrylates to zirconia.