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Experimental Methods for Engineers

In recent decades, the concern over depletion of the world׳s petroleum reserves and environmental pollution has increased the demand to develop a renewable and environmental friendly fuel. Biodiesel, which mainly consists of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) is one of the best substitutes for diesel fuel. Currently, vegetable oils, edible or non-edible, are the main resources of biodiesel. This review aims at providing comprehensive information and analyzes on biodiesel produced from edible and non-edible vegetable oils, their composition and specifications. Accordingly, the Fatty Acid (FA) profiles of 28 edible vegetable oils and 40 non-edible vegetable oils were collected. Their main specifications including sulfur content, density, viscosity, flash point, cloud point, pour point, cold filter plugging point, cetane number, iodine number, heating value, acid value and carbon residual before and after transesterification (vegetable oil and biodiesel, respectively) were analyzed in detail. Many researchers have developed prediction models to quantify biodiesel specifications to optimize its manufacturing and obtain biodiesel with the best specifications. Three factors that are especially influential are the fatty acids profiles, the degree of unsaturation within the FA structures and molecular weight. Accordingly, many models have been constructed on these features. There are also models that quantify the relationship between the biodiesel specifications and its thermodynamic properties or other specifications. Accordingly, the second part of this work was conducted on the existing prediction models. All the models were discussed along with their deviation in prediction.

A comprehensive review on properties of edible and non-edible vegetable oil-based biodiesel: Composition, specifications and prediction models

Machine learning technology in biodiesel research: A review

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) provides an alternative energy means of producing liquid fuels from biomass for various uses. Biodiesel production by recycling WCO and methanol in the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) nano-catalyst offers several benefits such as economic, environmental and waste management. A nano-catalyst of CaO was synthesized by thermal-decomposition method and calcinated at 500 °C followed by characterization using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The XRD results revealed nano-scale crystal sizes at high purity, with a mean particle size of ~29 nm. The SEM images exhibited morphology of irregular shapes and porous structure of the synthesized nanocatalysts. The highest conversion of WCO to biodiesel was estimated to be 96%, at optimized experimental conditions i.e., 50 °C, 1:8 WCO oil to methanol ratio, 1% by weight of catalyst loading rate and 90 minutes reaction time, which is among few highest conversions reported so far. Biodiesel properties were tested according to the American (ASTM D6571) fuel standards. All reactions are carried-out under atmospheric pressure and 1500 rpm of agitation.

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Optimized Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) using Calcium Oxide (CaO) Nano-catalyst

Impact of various metal-oxide based nanoparticles and biodiesel blends on the combustion, performance, emission, vibration and noise characteristics of a CI engine

Density, flash point and heating value variations of corn oil biodiesel–diesel fuel blends

Measurements and empirical correlations in predicting biodiesel-diesel blends' viscosity and density

Determination of Transesterification Reaction Parameters Giving the Lowest Viscosity Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel

Biodiesel has recently received increasing attention because of many advantages such as higher cetane number and flash point compared to diesel fuel. However, corrosion of engine parts exposed to b...

Mert Gülüm

Papers

Density, flash point and heating value variations of corn oil biodiesel–diesel fuel blends

Measurements and empirical correlations in predicting biodiesel-diesel blends' viscosity and density

Determination of Transesterification Reaction Parameters Giving the Lowest Viscosity Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel

Mechanical and corrosion properties of brass exposed to waste sunflower oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blends

Two-term power models for estimating kinematic viscosities of different biodiesel-diesel fuel blends