THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

An overview on the light alcohol fuels in diesel engines

Refrigeration system is one of the biggest reason of the expanding pattern of energy consumption, thus, energy saving is one of the best approach to overcome this issue. Nanofluids show extraordinary potential in upgrading the thermodynamic and mechanical performance of the refrigeration system. In the refrigeration system, the effort to improve the efficiency of the system is by introducing nanoparticles in refrigerant (nanorefrigerant) and in lubricant (nanolubricant). In this paper, a comprehensive review is carried out to investigate the impact of nanorefrigerant and nanolubricant on energy saving. The overview consists of properties enhancement of nanorefrigerant and nanolubricant, tribological performance, heat transfer enhancement, performance in heat exchanger, improvement in refrigeration system and pressure drop characteristic. The previous results showed that the best energy saving with 21% less energy used was with the use of 0.5% volume ZnO-R152a refrigerant nanolubricant. Both the suction pressure and discharge pressure were brought down by 10.5% when nanorefrigerant was utilized. The evaporator temperature was lessened by 6% with the utilization of nanorefrigerant. The replacement of R134a with R152a gives a green and clean environment, with zero ozone depleting potential (ODP) and less global warming potential (GWP). The performance of refrigeration system was significantly enhanced.

Potential of Nanorefrigerant and Nanolubricant on Energy Saving in Refrigeration System – A Review

Forced convection of nanofluids in an extended surfaces channel using lattice Boltzmann method

Pool boiling heat transfer to CuO-H2O nanofluid on finned surfaces

High heat generation from electronic devices needs to cool down properly to prevent overheating. Loop heat pipe (LHP) is one of the excellent cooling devices for high heat generation of electronic devices. Nanofluid is a working fluid which has nanoparticle dispersed in based fluid. Nanofluid is proven to have better thermal performance compared with conventional fluids. In this paper, we investigate on the thermal performance of loop heat pipes using different types of nanofluids. The desired nanofluids used in this study are diamond nanofluid, aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanofluid and silica oxide nanofluid (SiO2) with 0–3% of mass concentrations. The results showed that as the mass concentration of nanofluids increased, the thermal resistance for diamond nanofluid and Al2O3 nanofluid decreased, but SiO2 nanofluid results show the opposite trend of thermal resistance with increasing mass concentration. The lowest thermal resistance is 3.0872 °C W−1, 3.1465 °C W−1 and 3.2816 °C W−1 for diamond, Al2O3 and SiO2, respectively. Moreover, all types of nanofluids show better heat transfer performance compared with water. Diamond nanofluid also had higher heat capacity than Al2O3 nanofluid as it had a lower vapour line temperature reading. Optimization result also shows that diamond nanofluid has better thermal enhancement than Al2O3 with 1.19% of mass concentration.

Experimental investigation and optimization of loop heat pipe performance with nanofluids

Experimental study on the effects of methanol and ethanol on gasoline engine performance and exhaust emissions

In this study impingement air cooling mode of forced convection is adopted for heat dissipation from high power electronic devices in associated with a parallel fin heat sink. Components of airflow velocity in the channel of the extended surfaces are discussed. Pressure drop and other thermal performances are analyzed numerically by a C++ developed code. Thermal and hydraulic characteriza tion of heat sink under cooling condition of air-forced con vection is studied. The hydraulic parameters including ve locity profiles, distribution of static pressure and pressure drop through the heat sink are analyzed and presented schematically. Furthermore, the thermal characteristic of the aluminum approach of cooling is studied by utilizing the contours of the three dimensional temperature distribu tions through the fins, base heat sink and the heat sink body. The performance of the proposed model com puted by the numerical calculation is high compared to current heat sinks as expected of the previous studies. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.17.2.331

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Numerical study on hydraulic and thermal characteristics of a minichannel heat sink with impinging air flow

This article aims to study numerically three-dimensional (3D) reactive turbulent flow in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine by solving a steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) )and energy equations. The Reynolds stress model (RSM) is coupled with the probability density function (PDF), laminar flamelet and Chemistry models to describe the turbulent flow and turbulence–chemistry interaction. Numerical computations are conducted to exhibit thermal and concentration behaviour under a quite number of factors, which influence the combustion process. Their influence are examined and compared favourably with available experimental results. Concentration of some radicals as O and OH are obtained assuming the partial-equilibrium assumption and using a PDF in terms of temperature. The 3D simulations demonstrate that the use of RSM, PDF and flamelet model allow simulating velocity and thermochemical fields.

Numerical Study of the Influence of Combustion Models and Kinetic Schemes When Predicting the Diffusion Flames

In this study, experiments are performed to investigate the coupling of thermoelectric module and rectangular fin heat sink subjected to an impacting air jet for cooling desktop microprocessors. A controlled thermoelectric test system was conceived and performed for this purpose. The control of the thermoelectric forced air combined cooling system was designed on the basis of electronic Arduino card. The proposed thermoelectric forced convection cooling combined system was compared with the conventional forced air cooling technique. Three electrical powers for the heat source (CPU) were adopted and compared in this experimental study: 60, 87 and 95 W. Performance of thermoelectric cooling module with three preset temperature was experimentally investigated below diverse working conditions. Effects of thermoelectric input current and air jet velocity on the case temperature (Tcase) were analysed. The thermoelectric cooler had a considerable effect on the cooling of the CPU. However, the consumption of the energy was also augmented. Experimental results indicated that the cooling effect improved with increasing of thermoelectric operating current. However, Temperature of the heat source increased with high power input of the CPU. For a power input of 95 W of the CPU, the Tcase was maintained under 50 °C with thermoelectric input power of 45 and 5.8 W for the fan, giving improvement around 15% comparing to conventional forced air cooling.

M’hamed Beriache

Papers

Experimental investigation and optimization of loop heat pipe performance with nanofluids

Experimental study on the effects of methanol and ethanol on gasoline engine performance and exhaust emissions

Numerical study on hydraulic and thermal characteristics of a minichannel heat sink with impinging air flow

Numerical Study of the Influence of Combustion Models and Kinetic Schemes When Predicting the Diffusion Flames

Experimental Contribution to the Design of a Microprocessor Cooling System by Thermoelectric Module