Showing papers by "Michael A. McNeil published in 2007"

Assessment of the Impacts of Standards and Labeling Programs inMexico (four products).

Abstract: ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS OF STANDARDS AND LABELING PROGRAMS IN MEXICO (FOUR PRODUCTS) Under Subcontract No. 6720261with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Gerencia de Uso de Energia Electrica (IIE) Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico January, 2006 Itha Sanchez, Henry Chu REP. No. 12933 ITF FN LBNL 001

Future Air Conditioning Energy Consumption in Developing Countriesand what can be done about it: The Potential of Efficiency in theResidential Sector

Abstract: The dynamics of air conditioning are of particular interestto energy analysts, both because of the high energy consumption of thisproduct, but also its disproportionate impact on peak load. This paperaddresses the special role of this end use as a driver of residentialelectricity consumption in rapidly developing economies. Recent historyhas shown that air conditioner ownership can grow grows more rapidly thaneconomic growth in warm-climate countries. In 1990, less than a percentof urban Chinese households owned an air conditioner; by 2003 this numberrose to 62 percent. The evidence suggests a similar explosion of airconditioner use in many other countries is not far behind. Room airconditioner purchases in India are currently growing at 20 percent peryear, with about half of these purchases attributed to the residentialsector. This paper draws on two distinct methodological elements toassess future residential air conditioner 'business as usual' electricityconsumption by country/region and to consider specific alternative 'highefficiency' scenarios. The first component is an econometric ownershipand use model based on household income, climate and demographicparameters. The second combines ownership forecasts and stock accountingwith geographically specific efficiency scenarios within a uniqueanalysis framework (BUENAS) developed by LBNL. The efficiency scenariomodule considers current efficiency baselines, available technologies,and achievable timelines for development of market transformationprograms, such as minimum efficiency performance standards (MEPS) andlabeling programs. The result is a detailed set of consumption andemissions scenarios for residential air conditioning.

What do India's transport energy data tell us? A bottom-up assessment of energy demand in India transportation sector

Abstract: Transportation mobility in India has increased signifi cantly in the past decades. From1970 to 2000, motorized mobility (passenger-km) has risen by 888 %, compared with an 88 % population growth (Singh, 2006). Th is contributed to many energy and environmental issues, and an energy strategy incorporates effi ciency improvement and other measures needs to be designed. Unfortunately, existing energy data do not provide information on driving forces behind energy use and sometime show large inconsistencies. Many previous studies address only a single transportation mode such as passenger road travel; did not include comprehensive data collection or analysis has yet been done, or lack detail on energy demand by each mode and fuel mix. Th e current study will fi ll a considerable gap in current efforts, develop a data base on all transport modes including passenger air and water, and freight in order to facilitate the development of energy scenarios and assess signifi cance of technology potential in a global climate change model. An extensive literature review and data collection has been done to establish the database with breakdown of mobility, intensity, distance, and fuel mix of all transportation modes. Energy consumption was estimated and compared with aggregated transport consumption reported in IEA India transportation energy data. Diff erent scenarios were estimated based on diff erent assumptions on freight road mobility. Based on the bottom-up analysis, we estimated that the energy consumption from 1990 to 2000 increased at an annual growth rate of 7 % for the mid-range road freight growth case and 12 % for the high road freight growth case corresponding to the scenarios in mobility, while the IEA data only shows a 1.7 % growth rate in those years.