Showing papers by "Michael Frese published in 1986"
TL;DR: Both shift workers and former shiftworkers who left for health reasons showed a higher degree of reported ill health than never-shiftworkers and formershiftworkers who had left for other reasons than health.
Abstract: In a questionnaire study of 3446 blue-collar male workers in the chemical industry of the Federal Republic of Germany, shift- and non-shiftworkers were compared for reported health and stress at work. There were three groups of non-shiftworkers: former shiftworkers who left shiftwork because of a physician's advice, former shiftworkers who were not so advised, and never-shiftworkers. Both shiftworkers and former shiftworkers who left for health reasons showed a higher degree of reported ill health than never-shiftworkers and former shiftworkers who had left for other reasons than health. The results are consistent when stress at work and other potentially confounding factors are controlled. However, stress at work is an important predictor of ill health independent of shiftwork. Furthermore, a rapidly rotating 12-hour shift system (rotating every 2 to 3 days) as compared with a slower rotating 8-hour shift system (rotating every 5 to 7 days) showed no significant differences in workers' ill health when st...
78 citations
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In psychological stress research, the concept of coping has been introduced to explain phenomena that cannot be explained by a simple stress-strain model as mentioned in this paper, which can be either a mediator or a moderator, depending on whether a person is a good or bad coper.
Abstract: Coping has become a central variable in psychological stress research. The concepts of coping and defense have been introduced to explain phenomena that cannot be explained by a simple stress—strain model. Some people react strongly to minor stressors, whereas others do not react even to major stressors. There are two ways to explain this. Coping or defense may be either a mediator or a moderator. (For ease of presentation, I shall use the term coping to stand for both coping and defense in the following presentation.) This distinction, between moderator and mediator, has rarely been made in the literature:
1.
Coping serves as a mediator when it is related to both the stressors and the stress reaction or, more specifically, when it links the stressors to the stress reaction. The causal impact of stressors on the stress reaction works via coping (see Figure 1). Theoretically, this may mean that the stressor situation influences a certain type of coping response that, in turn, leads to psychological health or dysfunctioning. More technically, this can be examined with a partial correlation procedure (Simon, 1954).
2.
Coping can function as a moderator when the relationship between stressors and stress reaction is dependent on whether a person is a “good” or a “bad” coper (or defender).
53 citations