Michael G. Koziel

TL;DR: In this article, a synthetic gene encoding a truncated version of the CryIA(b) protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis was introduced into immature embryos of an elite line of maize using microprojectile bombardment.

TL;DR: Vip3A represents a novel class of proteins insecticidal to lepidopteran insect larvae, whose expression is restricted to sporulation, and which is expressed in the vegetative stage of growth starting at mid-log phase as well as during sporulation.

TL;DR: Insecticidal activity predicted by the PCR screen was found to correspond with the insecticidal activity of insect bioassays, indicating the screen can identify strains with altered electrophoretic patterns containing potentially novel genes.

TL;DR: Results indicate that midgut epithelium cells of susceptible insects are the primary target for the Vip3A insecticidal protein and that their subsequent lysis is the primary mechanism of lethality.

TL;DR: The CGCryV protein is the first reported case of a delta-endotoxin being a secreted protein, which may influence the biological relevance of these proteins.