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Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods

Boolean satisfiability is probably the most studied of the combinatorial optimization/search problems. Significant effort has been devoted to trying to provide practical solutions to this problem for problem instances encountered in a range of applications in electronic design automation (EDA), as well as in artificial intelligence (AI). This study has culminated in the development of several SAT packages, both proprietary and in the public domain (e.g. GRASP, SATO) which find significant use in both research and industry. Most existing complete solvers are variants of the Davis-Putnam (DP) search algorithm. In this paper we describe the development of a new complete solver, Chaff which achieves significant performance gains through careful engineering of all aspects of the search-especially a particularly efficient implementation of Boolean constraint propagation (BCP) and a novel low overhead decision strategy. Chaff has been able to obtain one to two orders of magnitude performance improvement on difficult SAT benchmarks in comparison with other solvers (DP or otherwise), including GRASP and SATO.

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Chaff: engineering an efficient SAT solver

Sexual Behavior in the Human Male

A general logic program (abbreviated to "program" hereafter) is a set of roles that have both positive and negative subgoals. It is common to view a deductive database as a general logic program consisting of rules (IDB) slttmg above elementary relations (EDB, facts). It is desirable to associate one Herbrand model with a program and think of that model as the "meaning of the program, " or Its "declarative semantics. " Ideally, queries directed to the program would be answered in accordance with this model. Recent research indicates that some programs do not have a "satisfactory" total model; for such programs, the question of an appropriate partial model arises. Unfounded sets and well-founded partial models are introduced and the well-founded semantics of a program are defined to be its well-founded partial model. If the well-founded partial model is m fact a total model. it is called the well-founded model. It n shown that the class of programs possessing a total well-founded model properly includes previously studied classes of "stratified" and "locally stratified" programs, The method in this paper is also compared with other proposals in the literature, including Clark's "program completion, " Fitting's and Kunen's 3-vahred interpretations of it, and the "stable models" of Gelfond and Lifschitz.

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The well-founded semantics for general logic programs

Relating Concrete Defeasible Reasoning Formalisms and Abstract Argumentation

In April 2003, the researchers conducted a survey of undergraduate students living in residence halls at Loyola University Chicago. The survey contained twenty statements on issues currently discussed in the religious circles, especially the Catholic Church. The majority of both Catholic males and Catholic females disagreed with the statements, “Having sex before being married is wrong,” and “Using artificial birth control (the pill, condoms, etc.) is wrong.” Catholics in total were less likely than other religious to agree with the statement on premarital sex. While Catholics were more likely than other Christians to agree with the statement on birth control, agreement on the statement was still only 25% for Catholic males and 12% for Catholic females. It would seem that, as the literature has also suggested, the majority Catholic college students do not turn to the Church to influence their opinions on these issues; rather, they rely on their own lived experiences and the larger secular culture...

Beliefs versus Lived Experience: Gender Differences in Catholic College Students' Attitudes Concerning Premarital Sex and Contraception

Reports on a project that tried to design and implement a highly flexible workflow management system in the area of patient care delivery. Within eight weeks, the authors developed a formal model for the specification of medical directives, designed and implemented a coordination system (based on the IBM prototype ObjChart) with multi-user capabilities, and developed graphical user agents for the most important classes of users of the system (medical doctors, nurses and nurse technicians). This rapid development was possible not least due to the modular design of the system, which is made up of highly specialised, declarative and orthogonal components.

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An architecture and prototype implementation of a system for individualised workflows in medical information systems

The year 2002 marked a significant crisis in the Catholic Church in the United States. The media was filled with stories of the sexual abuse of children by Catholic priests and accusations of mishandling and cover-up by bishops. At the heart of the discussion was the issue of a loss of trust in the Catholic leadership. The researchers conducted a survey of undergraduates living in residence halls at Loyola University Chicago, a Jesuit Catholic university. The survey included twenty statements on topics currently being debated in the Church, including the statement, “I trust and respect the leadership of my religion.” Students used a Likert-type scale to express levels of agreement/disagreement with the statements. The researchers also conducted focus groups with Catholic students and university Ministry Staff. Survey results showed little difference between Catholics and non-Catholics in their responses to the item on trust and respect of leadership. Also, the survey showed a less than powerful r...

The Priest Sex Scandal and Its Effects on Trust and Respect -- How Catholic College Students Think About Catholic Leadership

In April 2003, the researchers conducted a survey of undergraduate students living in residence halls at Loyola University Chicago. The majority of Catholic students in the study expressed disagreement with the statement, “Women should not be allowed to be clergy (priests, pastors, imams, rabbis, etc.),” and the majority of them expressed agreement with the statement, “Sexism is wrong.” This was not a surprise to the researchers. What was surprising was the fact that the correlation of the responses by Catholics between these two statements was insignificant (r = -.089). The researches explored this question with focus groups made up of Loyola University Chicago campus ministers and Catholic undergraduates. Catholic college students see a relationship between Church authority and issues that touch their lives most directly, especially in the area of sexuality. They see Church authority in contrast to “the wisdom of the world” on these issues, and the majority are more likely to trust “the world.” While the majority of young Catholics in the study disagreed with the exclusion of women from the priesthood and agreed that sexism is wrong, they saw no relationship between the two. One was a Church matter, with which they disagreed (as they did on many of the “Church matters”), and one was a discrimination matter, on which they followed the common trends of the larger culture, indistinctly from non-Catholics.

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Michael J. Maher

Papers

Relating Concrete Defeasible Reasoning Formalisms and Abstract Argumentation

Beliefs versus Lived Experience: Gender Differences in Catholic College Students' Attitudes Concerning Premarital Sex and Contraception

An architecture and prototype implementation of a system for individualised workflows in medical information systems

The Priest Sex Scandal and Its Effects on Trust and Respect -- How Catholic College Students Think About Catholic Leadership

Is the Roman Catholic prohibition of female priests sexist? How Catholic college students think about women's ordination and sexism