Michael J. Rycroft

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a mechanism to explain suggested links between seismic activity and ionospheric changes detected overhead, and explained changes in the natural extremely low-frequency (ELF) radio noise recently observed in the topside ionosphere aboard the DEMETER satellite at night.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified future research areas in relation to Task Group 4 of the Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES-II) programme, in terms of radiative effects in the troposphere, through infra-red absorption, and cloud effects, in particular possible cloud microphysical effects from charging at layer cloud edges.

TL;DR: In this paper, a quantitative model of the global atmospheric electric circuit was constructed using the PSpice electrical engineering software package using a model for the atmospheric conductivity profile, the effects of both negative and positive cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning discharges on the ionospheric potential were estimated.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that changes in the electron temperature of the lower ionosphere are unlikely to be significant and that the time required to produce large-scale changes of ionospheric electron density above an active thunderstorm may explain the observation of a thunderstorm "modification time" before red sprite activity is initiated.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors illustrate how coupling could occur between surface air and clouds via the global electric circuit through Atmospheric Lithosphere-Ionosphere Charge Exchange (ALICE) processes, in an attempt to develop a physical understanding of the possible relationships between earthquakes and clouds.