: This report provides guidelines for the evaluation of vegetative stabilization alternatives for dredged material disposal areas using salt marsh wetland plants. The guidelines provide a methodology for classifying dredged material shorelines with respect to wave energy (low, moderate, or high energy sites) and specify a vegetative stabilization strategy (standard planting techniques, root-anchored techniques, or wave protection structures) for each energy regime. Such guidelines provide dredged material planners and operations personnel the means to use dredged material for combined beneficial uses of wetlands creation, habitat development, and erosion control. The report also presents two case studies of salt marsh creation on dredged material sites located in North Carolina along the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and in Texas along the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway near Galveston. These studies provide guidelines for creating salt marsh on moderate- to high-energy sites exposed to both ship and wind generated waves.

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Guidelines for vegetative erosion control on wave-impacted coastal dredged material sites

Dredged material is a manageable resource suitable for a wide variety of uses. Thousands of cases of such uses have been documented in North America. Urban managers, land use planners, and engineers recognize the contribution of this resource to the establishment of new parkland; expansion of ports, airports, and other infrastructure foundations; and availability of topsoil for parks, golf courses, and landfills. Conservationists see the benefits of dredged material in restoring degraded or lost habitat and in some cases creating new habitat. The opportunities of innovative uses by entrepreneurs are unlimited. This article provides further details on the use of dredged material in the following areas: commercial, industrial, and urban uses; recreational grounds and beaches; natural resources - wetlands and habitats; agriculture uses; and manufactured soil.

Beneficial uses of dredged material

Beneficial uses of dredged material is by no means a new concept…. However, there is now a developing emphasis on environmental management which has resulted in a change in approach whereby dredged material is regarded as a resource rather than a waste. Many beneficial uses have now been tried in different parts of the world, the largest schemes being in the USA, others are under consideration. The guidelines presented here are the result of three years of literature research, discussions with a wide range of organisations in Europe and the USA, observing some schemes at first hand and in a few cases studying them in detail using numerical models. The guidelines seek to present in a consolidated form the experience gained as a basis for assessing what the realistic options presently are.

Guidelines for the beneficial use of dredged material

This brochure presents low cost ways for the shorel ine property owner to control or slow down shoreline erosion. lt will also be of interest to community leaders, local government officials, and contractors and engineers involved in erosion control. Prepared as a public service by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the brochure is part of a program to demonstrate low cost erosion control measures. The methods described here apply to all protected and inland shores of the United States where wave height does not usually exceed six feet and severe storms or hurricanes are not annual events. These sheltered areas are the only oneswhere low cost, owner-implemented protection is likely to be successful. The measures described here should not normally be used on open coastlines exposed to heavy ocean waves. The useful lifetimes of these methods vary from a year or two, for temporary structures, to over ten years, for longer-lasting installations. These numbers are approximate: unpredictable factors such as weather could shorten or prolong the expected lifetime of any shoreline structure. While all these methods have been used to reduce erosion problems, no erosion control device will ever be completely successful in all applications. The government cannot guarantee, therefore, that a particular method will be successful in your case. If you think it is likely that one or more of the measures described here could help with your erosion problem, we urge you to seek further information and assistance in designing a solution that meets your needs. In addition to this introductory brochure, the Corps of Engineers has prepared detailed reports to assist those who need further information. To obtain one of these reports, send in the postcard attached to the back cover. Additional sources of help are described in the back of the brochure under Where To Go From Here.

Low cost shore protection

: This report provides general guidance for structure selection and development of structure design concepts for use in habitat development. Various types of structures were reviewed, based on available literature, to determine which would be applicable to habitat use. Planning and design concepts are presented for use of the potential structure types for habitat development. References are provided for detailed design and construction guidelines. Case histories of structures used for habitat development are discussed. A list is provided of the known projects, their locations, and structural types. It was found that, to date, very few structures have been built specifically to retain or protect dredged material for purposes of habitat creation. However, the predominant structures used for habitat creation have been sand dikes. (Author)

Design Concepts for In-Water Containment Structures for Marsh Habitat Development.

Abstract : Floating tire breakwaters (FTB) are being used to protect and improve small-craft harbors, and as the need for additioal mooring space increases, FTB's are often being placed in locations exposed to larger waves. Other uses for FTB's include protection of construction operations, protection of dredges, and beach stabilization. Methods for predicting the transmitted wave height, as well as for determining the anchor loading for the Goodyear module FTB, are presented. These methods are based on laboratory tests that used full-scale monochromatic wave conditions typical of partially sheltered bodies of water. Wave transmission is given as a function of the ratio of the breakwater width to incident wavelength. The mooring load is also given as a function of incident wave height. Design curves and procedures are presented for determining the breakwater width required to obtain a desired degree of wave attenuation, and for determining the mooring loads for each anchor line. Various anchor types are discussed to aid in the design of an anchor system. (Author)

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Michael L. Giles

Papers

Design Concepts for In-Water Containment Structures for Marsh Habitat Development.

Determination of mooring load and transmitted wave height for a floating tire breakwater / by Michael L. Giles and James W. Eckert.