List of illustrations Abbreviations Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: the long liberation 2. Narrating liberation 3. Anticipating liberation: the gendered nation in print 4. Limiting liberation: 'the French for France' 5. Controlling liberation: Georges Mauco and a population fit for France 6. Liberation in place: Jewish women in the city 7. Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.

Jews and Gender in Liberation France

Immigration and retail trade both raise, in different but key ways, the question of the relationship between people and space. The construction of ethnicity involves modes of consumption, but also ways in which retailing is distributed. The appropriation of space by signs that denote foreignness is what enables a particular neighbourhood to become known as a quarter of immigration. But what can we say about the role of shops and businesses in the representation of ethnicity? This paper investigates the case of inter-war Paris from this perspective. It argues that this question cannot be answered simply from representational sources, such as contemporary accounts or photographs, and it draws on an indication less correlated with the spatial dimension and yet apparently still constitutive of a representation of alterity in the city: shop signs. The indicator provided by trading names makes it possible to connect discursive sources with sources bearing on practices, by showing the emergence of an issue of identity associated with trading names and designations. A choice that essentially reflects a commercial strategy also appears as the product of a logic of affiliation.

https://www.ihmc.ens.fr/IMG/pdf/hist_workshop_j-2010-zalc-133-51.pdf

Trading on Origins: Signs and Windows of Foreign Shopkeepers in Interwar Paris

Geography, empire and National Revolution in Vichy France

Liberation in place: Jewish women in the city

For Georges Mauco, a renaissance man during the renaissance francaise , the liberation appears at first glance to have been transformative. Until recently, Mauco was claimed as the major expert on immigration in the 1930s. He combined this expertise with interests in population, education and psychoanalysis. All were situated within a belief in the necessary defence of France — as place, as civilization and as idea. We have already explored the populationist principles that informed the scientific and political terrain on which the reconstruction of France was to take place after liberation. We concluded that the formation of, and conformity to, a set of ethnicized and gendered relationships to the nation were prerequisite for an individual to be considered properly French. Here, the construction of these relationships is explored in greater depth through the institutions with which Mauco was associated, and his published and unpublished texts. Beyond his work on immigration, Les Etrangers en France , published in 1932, little attention was paid to Mauco before the 1990s. Towards the end of the twentieth century, his expertise and role in the administration started to come under greater scrutiny. These discussions reflected increased recognition of Mauco's importance as an individual, as well as of changing conceptualizations of political history that was now more inclined to address the inner structures and discourses of government and policy than was formerly the case. The years 1940 to 1944 were absent from Mauco's official curriculum vitae.

Michaël Lenoire

Papers

L'antisémitisme de plume, 1940-1944 : études et documents