Showing papers by "Michael Perry published in 2009"
TL;DR: Greater understanding and developments have significantly improved outcomes, although controversy still exists in some areas, and a review outlines some of these topics.
Abstract: Despite seat belt and alcohol legislation, craniofacial trauma still remains a common health problem and significant workload in many maxillofacial units. Although management has evolved considerably from "wiring teeth together", complex fractures can still result in cosmetic and functional deformity. Today's challenge is to consistently restore patients back to their pre-injury form and function-but this is not always possible. Greater understanding and developments have significantly improved outcomes, although controversy still exists in some areas. This review outlines some of these topics.
47 citations
TL;DR: The dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the early Drosophila embryo depends on Dorsal, a maternal sequence-specific transcription factor related to mammalian NF-kappaB, and preliminary studies suggest that shadow enhancers might help to ensure resilience of gene expression in response to environmental and genetic perturbations.
Abstract: The dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the early Drosophilaembryo depends on Dorsal, a maternal sequence-specific transcription factor related to mammalian NF-κB. Dorsal controls DV patterning through the differential regulation of ~50 target genes in a concentration-dependent manner. Whole-genome methods, including ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq assays, have identified ~100 Dorsal target enhancers, and more than one-third of these have been experimentally confirmed via transgenic embryo assays. Despite differences in DV patterning among divergent insects, a number of the Dorsal target enhancers are located in conserved positions relative to the associated transcription units. Thus, the evolution of novel patterns of gene expression might depend on the modification of old enhancers, rather than the invention of new ones. As many as half of all Dorsal target genes appear to contain “shadow” enhancers: a second enhancer that directs the same or similar expression pattern as the primary enhancer. Preliminary studies suggest that shadow enhancers might help to ensure resilience of gene expression in response to environmental and genetic perturbations. Finally, most Dorsal target genes appear to contain RNA polymerase II (pol II) prior to their activation. Stalled pol II fosters synchronous patterns of gene activation in the early embryo. In contrast, DV patterning genes lacking stalled pol II are initially activated in an erratic or stochastic fashion. It is possible that stalled pol II confers fitness to a population by ensuring coordinate deployment of the gene networks controlling embryogenesis.
23 citations
TL;DR: The components of a gold standard for the removal of mandibular third molars were defined and applied to a group of patients and an audit was made of the patients' recall and understanding of the process.
Abstract: In maxillofacial surgery the removal of mandibular third molars (wisdom teeth) attracts more litigation than any other procedure. The amount of information required for a patient to give valid consent is well-known, but there is no "gold standard" currently accepted. We aimed to define the components of such a gold standard and apply them to a group of patients. An audit was then made of the patients' recall and understanding of the process. The gold standard was only partially met in most cases, yet most patients felt that the process had been appropriate to their needs. Obtaining informed consent for the removal of mandibular third molars is difficult.
22 citations