Landscape and temporality are the major unifying themes of archaeology and social‐cultural anthropology. This paper attempts to show how the temporality of the landscape may be understood by way of a ‘dwelling perspective’ that sets out from the premise of people's active, perceptual engagement in the world. The meaning of ‘landscape’ is clarified by contrast to the concepts of land, nature and space. The notion of ‘taskscape’ is introduced to denote a pattern of dwelling activities, and the intrinsic temporality of the taskscape is shown to lie in its rhythmic interrelations or patterns of resonance. By considering how taskscape relates to landscape, the distinction between them is ultimately dissolved, and the landscape itself is shown to be fundamentally temporal. Some concrete illustrations of these arguments are drawn from a painting by Bruegel, The Harvesters.

The temporality of the landscape

The term "access" is frequently used by property and natural resource analysts without adequate definition. In this paper we develop a concept of access and examine a broad set of factors that differentiate access from property. We define access as "the ability to derive benefits from things," broadening from property's clas- sical definition as "the right to benefit from things." Access, following this definition, is more akin to "a bundle of powers" than to property's notion of a "bundle of rights." This formulation includes a wider range of social relationships that constrain or enable benefits from resource use than property relations alone. Using this fram- ing, we suggest a method of access analysis for identifying the constellations of means, relations, and processes that enable various actors to derive benefits from re- sources. Our intent is to enable scholars, planners, and policy makers to empirically "map" dynamic processes and relationships of access.

A Theory of Access.

Rural development: putting the last first

The intention of this work is to show that European expansion not only transformed the historical trajectory of non-European societies but also reconstituted the historical accounts of these societies before European intervention. It asserts that anthropology must pay more attention to history.

Europe and the People without History

This review examines the social, economic, and political effects of environmental conservation projects as they are manifested in protected areas. We pay special attention to people living in and displaced from protected areas, analyze the worldwide growth of protected areas over the past 20 years, and offer suggestions for future research trajectories in anthropology. We examine protected areas as a way of seeing, understanding, and producing nature (environment) and culture (society) and as a way of attempting to manage and control the relationship between the two. We focus on social, economic, scientific, and political changes in places where there are protected areas and in the urban centers that control these areas. We also examine violence, conflict, power relations, and governmentality as they are connected to the processes of protection. Finally, we examine discourse and its effects and argue that anthropology needs to move beyond the current examinations of language and power to attend to the ways in which protected areas produce space, place, and peoples.

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Parks and Peoples: The Social Impact of Protected Areas

Living rubber, dead land, and persisting systems in Borneo; Indigenous representations of sustainability

The term jangal in contemporary Pakistan refers to "forest." Its etymological antecedent, the Sanskrit term jangala, referred to "savanna." Francis Zimmermann argues that the change in meaning is a historical "misunderstanding." It is argued here, on the contrary, that the change in meaning accurately reflects a fundamental, historical alteration of relations between culture and nature. The economy of the early pastoral societies of this part of the subcontinent was based on transforming the region's natural thorn forest into an anthropogenic savanna. During the succeeding millennia, as the result of intensification of land-use patterns in response to demographic and political pressures, the culturally desirable jangala "savanna" became transformed into the culturally undesirable jangal "forest waste." This transformation in both physical environment and cultural values was the product of a dialectical relationship between nature and culture. For reasons of self-interest, state governments have a history ...

The Dialectical History of "Jungle" in Pakistan: An Examination of the Relationship between Nature and Culture

The ideology of agricultural development in Indonesia.

Nelayan dan kemiskinan : studi ekonomi antropologi di dua desa pantai

Description de l'atlas etabli par H.C. Conklin (de l'Universite de Yale) sur les Ifugao du centre-nord de Luzon (Philippines), remarquables pour leurs rizicultures irriguees en terrasse.

Michael R. Dove

Papers

Living rubber, dead land, and persisting systems in Borneo; Indigenous representations of sustainability

The Dialectical History of "Jungle" in Pakistan: An Examination of the Relationship between Nature and Culture

The ideology of agricultural development in Indonesia.

Nelayan dan kemiskinan : studi ekonomi antropologi di dua desa pantai

Ethnographic Atlas of Ifugao: Implications for Theories of Agricultural Evolution in Southeast Asia