This article provides researchers with a guide to properly construe and conduct analyses of conditional indirect effects, commonly known as moderated mediation effects. We disentangle conflicting definitions of moderated mediation and describe approaches for estimating and testing a variety of hypotheses involving conditional indirect effects. We introduce standard errors for hypothesis testing and construction of confidence intervals in large samples but advocate that researchers use bootstrapping whenever possible. We also describe methods for probing significant conditional indirect effects by employing direct extensions of the simple slopes method and Johnson-Neyman technique for probing significant interactions. Finally, we provide an SPSS macro to facilitate the implementation of the recommended asymptotic and bootstrapping methods. We illustrate the application of these methods with an example drawn from the Michigan Study of Adolescent Life Transitions, showing that the indirect effect of intrinsic student interest on mathematics performance through teacher perceptions of talent is moderated by student math self-concept.

/pdf/addressing-moderated-mediation-hypotheses-theory-methods-and-463wvvjm24.pdf

Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions.

The emerging field of emotion regulation studies how individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express them. This review takes an evolutionary perspective and characterizes emotion in terms of response tendencies. Emotion regulation is denned and distinguished from coping, mood regulation, defense, and affect regulation. In the increasingly specialized discipline of psychology, the field of emotion regulation cuts across traditional boundaries and provides common ground. According to a process model of emotion regulation, emotion may be regulated at five points in the emotion generative process: (a) selection of the situation, (b) modification of the situation, (c) deployment of attention, (d) change of cognitions, and (e) modulation of responses. The field of emotion regulation promises new insights into age-old questions about how people manage their emotions.

http://www.elaborer.org/cours/A13/lectures/Gross1998.pdf

The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review.

Well-being : the foundations of hedonic psychology

Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review.

The Social Psychology of Organizations.

Employee Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use: Scope, Causes, and Organizational Consequences

This study extends prior stress-coping-substance use research among adolescents by examining the employment context. Specifically, this study examines the relation of job dissatisfaction to substance use and the potential moderating influence of active and avoidant coping styles. Data were obtained from 446 employed high school students. Orderedprobit regression analyses reveal that job dissatisfaction is positively related to cigarette and alcohol use, but not to illicit drug use. Coping styles do not moderate the relation between job dissatisfaction and substance use. Nonetheless, coping styles have significant main-effect relations to substance use. Active coping is negatively related and avoidant coping is positively related to both cigarette and alcohol use. Neither coping style is related to illicit drug use.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/10826089709027313

Job dissatisfaction and substance use among employed high school students: The moderating influence of active and avoidant coping styles

This study explored the prevalence and distribution of employee exposure to three dimensions of workplace substance use climate – availability, descriptive norms and injunctive norms. Data were collected from a national probability sample of 2148 U.S. wage and salary workers (957 men; 1191 women) using a random digit dialled telephone survey. Approximately 63.09% of the workforce reported that they could easily bring alcohol into work, use alcohol while working, use alcohol during lunch and other breaks, or obtain alcohol at work. Similarly, 59.05% of the workforce reported that they could easily engage in the same behaviours regarding illicit drugs. During the preceding 12 months, 23.00% of the workforce reported exposure to a co-worker who used or was impaired by alcohol during the workday and 12.65% of the workforce reported exposure to a co-worker who used or was impaired by an illicit drug during the workday. Approximately, 7.03% of the workforce reported exposure to a co-worker who approved of alcohol use or impairment during the workday and 3.55% of the workforce reported exposure to a co-worker who approved of using or being impaired by illicit drugs during the workday. The distribution of exposure to a permissive workplace substance use climate differed by gender, age, occupation and work shift.

/pdf/workplace-substance-use-climate-prevalence-and-distribution-4eryneccy1.pdf

Workplace substance use climate: prevalence and distribution in the U.S. workforce

Humans have consumed psychoactive substances for millennia, and these substances have played an important role in human culture and human labor. This article investigates our current understanding ...

Employee Psychoactive Substance Involvement: Historical Context, Key Findings, and Future Directions

Both alcohol use and stress appear to increase blood pressure. In addition, stress is associated with increased alcohol use. To investigate these relationships, researchers interviewed representative samples of the black and non-black adult household populations in Erie County, New York, in 1986, 1989, and 1993. The results support a causal relationship between stress and alcohol use and point to a number of factors that influence this relationship. Significant relationships between changes in alcohol use and blood pressure were also found. Although the researchers found little evidence for a direct effect of stress on blood pressure, stress related to family life, anxiety, and depression was associated with an increased risk for hypertension.

/pdf/a-longitudinal-study-of-stress-alcohol-and-blood-pressure-in-108i3ywo47.pdf

Michael R. Frone

Papers

Employee Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use: Scope, Causes, and Organizational Consequences

Job dissatisfaction and substance use among employed high school students: The moderating influence of active and avoidant coping styles

Workplace substance use climate: prevalence and distribution in the U.S. workforce

Employee Psychoactive Substance Involvement: Historical Context, Key Findings, and Future Directions

A longitudinal study of stress, alcohol, and blood pressure in community-based samples of blacks and non-blacks.