Showing papers by "Michael Schneider published in 2021"
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that prior knowledge strongly predicts learning performance. But prior knowledge can affect learning positively mediated through some processes and negatively mediated through others, and it can also affect learning negatively.
Abstract: It is often hypothesized that prior knowledge strongly predicts learning performance. It can affect learning positively mediated through some processes and negatively mediated through others. We ex...
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a second-order meta-analysis was conducted to identify meta-analyses that examined the effectiveness of patient education on health outcomes and found that patient education positively affects health outcomes with d ¯¯ = 0.316(95% CI [0.304, 0.329]).
Abstract: Although many meta-analyses have examined the association between patient education and health outcomes, the scope, validity, and quality of this evidence has not been comprehensively assessed.In this second order meta-analysis, four databaseswere searchedto identify meta-analyses that examined the effectiveness of patient education on health outcomes. An overall weighted grand mean d ¯ ¯ was computed and the effects across different health issues and health outcomes were compared. Further, measures of methodological quality, meaningful variability across first order meta-analyses, and evidence for publication bias were examined.Forty meta-analyses were identified, investigating 156 associations between patient education and health outcomes summarizing data from over776 studies including more than 74.947 patients. Quantitative analyses showed that patient education positively affects health outcomes with d ¯ ¯ = 0.316(95% CI [0.304, 0.329]). Summarizing data exclusively from randomized controlled trials indicated a causal effect. Patient education was effective for patients with neoplasms, diabetes, mental and behavioral disorders, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the respiratory system, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Patient education was effective in the reduction of medication use, pain, and visits to medical facilities, and significantly improved physiological, physical, psychological outcomes, and patients' general function. Overall, the findings reveal firm evidence for the effectiveness of patient education on health outcomes. As patient education is cost-beneficial,it is a useful tool for medical treatment. However, theory-based interventions are lacking and need to be implemented to enable a successful transfer from theory to practice.
10 citations
TL;DR: It was found that children generalised attitudes to perceptually similar stimuli, but not to stimuli related by a categorisation rule, despite evidence for rule-learning.
Abstract: Recent studies explored whether attitude formation in early childhood can be explained in terms of evaluative conditioning (EC), the change in liking that is due to the pairing of stimuli. This stu...
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a speeded reasoning task with new mathematical items in a sample of 62 university students and found that interference strength was inversely related to mathematical achievement and unrelated to general inhibitory control.
2 citations
TL;DR: The authors provide a starting point for researchers who wish to conduct a meta-analysis and for reviewers and editors who evaluate the quality of manuscripts presenting meta-analytic findings, and provide an overview of and comment on 12 recommended sources that address the most relevant questions for conducting and presenting metaanalysis in psychology.
Abstract: A large amount of literature is available for researchers who are interested in performing meta-analyses in psychology. However, due to a large number of available sources and meta-analytic approaches, it can be difficult to get started with a meta-analysis when prior experiences are limited. In this annotated reading list, we provide an overview of and comment on 12 recommended sources that address the most relevant questions for conducting and presenting meta-analyses in psychology. Additionally, we point to various further readings and software packages that address more specific meta-analytic topics. With this guide, we aim to provide a starting point for researchers who wish to conduct a meta-analysis and for reviewers and editors who evaluate the quality of manuscripts presenting meta-analytic findings.