Organic electronics are beginning to make significant inroads into the commercial world, and if the field continues to progress at its current, rapid pace, electronics based on organic thin-film materials will soon become a mainstay of our technological existence. Already products based on active thin-film organic devices are in the market place, most notably the displays of several mobile electronic appliances. Yet the future holds even greater promise for this technology, with an entirely new generation of ultralow-cost, lightweight and even flexible electronic devices in the offing, which will perform functions traditionally accomplished using much more expensive components based on conventional semiconductor materials such as silicon.

The path to ubiquitous and low-cost organic electronic appliances on plastic

Es wird ein Brennstoffzellenstapel mit Zelleneinheiten bereitgestellt, die eine Sammelleitung, eine offene Endplatte, die an einer Seite der Zelleneinheiten angeordnet ist und einen Reaktionsgaseinlass und -auslass hat, die mit der Sammelleitung verbunden sind, und eine geschlossene Endplatte enthalten, die an der an der anderen Seite der Zelleneinheiten angeordnet ist und die Sammelleitung abschliest. Insbesondere enthalt die Endplatte eine erste schrage Oberflache, die die Stromung eines Reaktionsgases am Reaktionsgaseinlass und an der Sammelleitungs-Schnittstelle regelt. Ein erster Ausrichtungsvorsprung bildet die erste schrage Oberflache und richtet die Zelleneinheiten aus, und die geschlossene Endplatte enthalt eine zweite schrage Oberflache, die die Stromung des Reaktionsgases an der Sammelleitungs-Schnittstelle regelt. Auserdem bildet ein zweiter Ausrichtungsvorsprung die zweite schrage Oberflache und richtet die Zelleneinheiten entsprechend aus.

Fuel cell stack

In-fibre Bragg grating sensors for distributed temperature measurement in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Fifty years after the foundation of the Combustion Institute and almost 150 years after Michael Faraday's famous lectures on the combustion of a candle, combustion diagnostics have come a long way from visual inspection of a flame to detailed analysis of a combustion process with a multitude of sophisticated techniques, often using lasers. The extended knowledge on combustion phenomena gained by application of these diagnostic techniques, combined with equally advanced numerical simulation of the process, has been instrumental in designing modern combustion devices with efficient performance and reduced pollutant emission. Also, similar diagnostic techniques are now employed to develop sensors for process control in combustion. This article intends to give a perspective on the potential of combustion diagnostics by highlighting selected application examples and by guiding the reader to recent literature. In particular, techniques are emphasized, which permit measurement of important features of the chemical composition, sometimes in conjunction with flow field parameters. Although a complete image of present research and applications in combustion diagnostics and control is beyond the scope of this article, this overview may be a starting place where ideas may be found to solve specific combustion problems with the aid of diagnostics. (Less)

Combustion at the focus: laser diagnostics and control

Michael W. Renfro

Papers

Blowoff dynamics of bluff body stabilized turbulent premixed flames

Blowoff mechanism of two dimensional bluff-body stabilized turbulent premixed flames in a prototypical combustor

Lean blowoff behavior of asymmetrically-fueled bluff body-stabilized flames

On the uncertainty of temperature estimation in a rapid compression machine

Flowfield measurements and flame stabilization of a premixed reacting jet in vitiated crossflow