Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Carbon nanotube–polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties

3.6.1. Polishing and Cleaning 2663 3.6.2. Vacuum and Heat Treatments 2664 3.6.3. Carbon Electrode Activation 2665 3.7. Summary and Generalizations 2666 4. Advanced Carbon Electrode Materials 2666 4.1. Microfabricated Carbon Thin Films 2666 4.2. Boron-Doped Diamond for Electrochemistry 2668 4.3. Fibers and Nanotubes 2669 4.4. Carbon Composite Electrodes 2674 5. Carbon Surface Modification 2675 5.1. Diazonium Ion Reduction 2675 5.2. Thermal and Photochemical Modifications 2679 5.3. Amine and Carboxylate Oxidation 2680 5.4. Modification by “Click” Chemistry 2681 6. Synopsis and Outlook 2681 7. Acknowledgments 2682 8. References 2682

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Advanced carbon electrode materials for molecular electrochemistry.

5. In Situ Polymerization 3907 5.1. General Polymerization 3907 5.2. Photopolymerization 3910 5.3. Surface-Initiated Polymerization 3912 5.4. Other Methods 3913 6. Colloidal Nanocomposites 3913 6.1. Sol-Gel Process 3914 6.2. In Situ Polymerization 3916 6.2.1. Emulsion Polymerization 3917 6.2.2. Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Polymerization 3919 6.2.3. Miniemulsion Polymerization 3920 6.2.4. Dispersion Polymerization 3921 6.2.5. Other Polymerization Methods 3923 6.2.6. Conducting Nanocomposites 3924 6.3. Self Assembly 3926 7. Other Preparative Methods 3926 8. Characterization and Properties 3928 8.1. Chemical Structure 3928 8.2. Microstructure and Morphology 3929 8.3. Mechanical Properties 3933 8.3.1. Tensile, Impact, and Flexural Properties 3933 8.3.2. Hardness 3936 8.3.3. Fracture Toughness 3937 8.3.4. Friction and Wear Properties 3937 8.4. Thermal Properties 3938 8.5. Flame-Retardant Properties 3941 8.6. Optical Properties 3942 8.7. Gas Transport Properties 3943 8.8. Rheological Properties 3945 8.9. Electrical Properties 3945 8.10. Other Characterization Techniques 3946 9. Applications 3947 9.1. Coatings 3947 9.2. Proton Exchange Membranes 3948 9.3. Pervaporation Membranes 3948 9.4. Encapsulation of Organic Light-Emitting Devices 3948

Polymer/Silica Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Evolution of nitrogen functionalities in carbonaceous materials during pyrolysis

The squarate ion (C 4 O 4 ) 2− does not substitute for chlorine in K 2 [PtCl 4 ] or in (NH 3 ) 2 PtCl 2 but it reacts with the ‘ cis -dichlorodiammine hydrolysis products’ to yield two complexes. The first one ( 1 ) can be described from the results of an X-ray diffraction study as a tetranuclear chain of platinum atoms bridged by squaric anions. The second one ( II ) is an amorphous blue compound with the platinum atom in a formal oxidation state of 2.5. A structure involving dinuclear entities is proposed for II on the basis of XPS, EPR and LAXS analysis. Oxidation of I by nitric acid in the presence of X − (X − Cl − or Br − ) generates products IV and V involving an oxidation of 3.0 for platinum. Considering the whole set of complexes derived from squaric acid points to significant similitudes with the ‘amide platinum blues’.

Polynuclear Platinum Complexes Deriving from Squaric Acid.

The study of PMMA adsorption on some conducting polypyrroles (PPys) using a variety of surface analytical techniques is reported. PMMA adsorption was monitored by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF‐SIMS) and inverse gas chromatography (IGC). XPS and ToF‐SIMS permit to determine the surface composition of PMMA‐coated PPy surfaces vs the solvent nature, temperature and the PPy dopant anion. Both techniques show that acid‐base interactions may govern PMMA adsorption. IGC was used to determine the coating morphology by monitoring the surface energy of the coated PPy powders. It is suggested that homogeneity of PMMA coatings increases with decreasing solvent power. Preliminary atomic force microscopy (AFM) results on PMMA films cast on flat PPy surfaces confirm the IGC observation.

Polymer coatings on conductive polypyrroles surface characterization by XPS, ToFSIMS, inverse gas chromatography and AFM

Properties of aluminum trichloride solutions in liquid sulfur dioxide: formation of the chlorosulfonyl (socl+) cation

a Abstract Silica-polypyrrole particles have been used as a composite stationary phase for liquid chromatography. Determination of capacity factors (k9) of a wide number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecular probes allows the characterisation of the chromatographic properties of the silica-polypyrrole stationary phase. Capacity factors in the range of 0.10 up to 6.1 were determined, thus demonstrating the high affinity of the PAH probes towards the stationary phase. The selectivity of the composite stationary phase was also evaluated as a function of the planarity of the molecular probes injected. Capacity factors determined for PAHs (two-dimensional molecular probes) are higher than those measured for phenyl-substituted PAHs (phenyl-PAHs, three-dimensional molecular probes). Determination of capacity factors, dependence on the composition of the mobile phase demonstrates the reverse a-phase properties of the composite stationary phase. The acid-base properties of the composite silica-polypyrrole stationary phase were investigated using benzene derivative molecular probes (i.e., toluene, phenol, benzoic acid and aniline). Capacity factors in the range of 0.45 to 1.0 were determined. This study clearly demonstrates that this composite stationary phase exhibits selective interactions towards PAHs and phenyl-substituted PAHs and strong acid-base properties depending on the structure, the geometry and the acid-base properties of the molecular probes eluted.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Michel Delamar

Papers

Polynuclear Platinum Complexes Deriving from Squaric Acid.

Polymer coatings on conductive polypyrroles surface characterization by XPS, ToFSIMS, inverse gas chromatography and AFM

Properties of aluminum trichloride solutions in liquid sulfur dioxide: formation of the chlorosulfonyl (socl+) cation

C of the chromatographic properties of a silica-polypyrrole composite stationary phase by inverse liquid chromatography

Polymeric Microspheres and Related Materials for Medical Diagnostics