Showing papers by "Michel Ramonet published in 2012"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the airborne vertical profiles and the measurements along the 115 m tall tower to analyze the variations of vertical profile of CO2 mole fraction, and found that the measurements at the top of the tower estimate the mean boundary layer CO 2 mole fraction during the mid-afternoon fairly well.
Abstract: . Eight years of occasional flask air sampling and 3 years of frequent in situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) vertical profiles on board of a small aircraft, over a tall tower greenhouse gases monitoring site in Hungary are used for the analysis of the variations of vertical profile of CO2 mole fraction. Using the airborne vertical profiles and the measurements along the 115 m tall tower it is shown that the measurements at the top of the tower estimate the mean boundary layer CO2 mole fraction during the mid-afternoon fairly well, with an underestimation of 0.27–0.85 μmol mol−1 in summer, and an overestimation of 0.66–1.83 μmol mol−1 in winter. The seasonal cycle of CO2 mole fraction is damped with elevation. While the amplitude of the seasonal cycle is 28.5 μmol mol−1 at 10 m above the ground, it is only 10.7 μmol mol−1 in the layer of 2500–3000 m corresponding to the lower free atmosphere above the well-mixed boundary layer. The maximum mole fraction in the layer of 2500–3000 m can be observed around 25 March on average, two weeks ahead of that of the marine boundary layer reference (GLOBALVIEW). By contrast, close to the ground, the maximum CO2 mole fraction is observed late December, early January. The specific seasonal behavior is attributed to the climatology of vertical mixing of the atmosphere in the Carpathian Basin.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Bousquet et al. presented an analysis of the relationship between weather and climate, and found that the latter is a function of the weather and not the weather itself.
Abstract: P. Bousquet 1,2, B. Ringeval1, I. Pison1, E. J. Dlugokencky3, E.-G. Brunke4, C. Carouge1, F. Chevallier1, A. Fortems-Cheiney1, C. Frankenberg5, D. A. Hauglustaine1, P. B. Krummel6, R. L. Langenfelds5, M. Ramonet1, M. Schmidt1, L. P. Steele1, S. Szopa1, C. Yver1, N. Viovy1, and P. Ciais1 1Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, IPSL-LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212 91191, France 2Universit́e de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France 3NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, USA 4South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa 5Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA 6Center for Australian Weather and Climate Research/CSIRO, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Victoria, Australia
1 citations