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Using Multivariate Statistics

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/5/110/206.full.pdf

The american psychological association.

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Fear of crime : interpreting victimization risk

The Child in America: Behavior Problems and Programs

The Society of Captives

This paper finds qualified support for the use of Skarbek’s (2011, 2014) governance theory to understand the emergence of prison gang-like groups in Kyrgyzstan, Northern Ireland and Brazil. However, Skarbek’s (2011, 2014) governance theory has little to say about how many prison gangs emerge and how they organise comparatively outside the US context. This paper argues that variation in the number of gangs and their monopolization of informal governance can only be explained by considering importation and deprivation theories alongside governance theories. These theories factor in variation in prison environments and pre-existing societal divisions imported into prison, which affect the costs on information transmission and incentives for gang expansion. In particular, the paper pays attention to the wider role social and political processes play in influencing whether monopoly power by prison gangs is supported and legitimized or not.

/pdf/self-governing-prisons-prison-gangs-in-an-international-18la89j0y4.pdf

Self-governing prisons: Prison gangs in an international perspective

Self-report research suggests that much violence is triggered by perceived insults and disrespect. This may be particularly true in the context of a prison or another environment of acute deprivati...

/pdf/the-impact-of-disrespect-on-prisoners-aggression-outcomes-of-3lcwpliv5g.pdf

The Impact of Disrespect on Prisoners’ Aggression: Outcomes of Experimentally Inducing Violence Supportive Cognitions

This article examines the meaning of respect in the interpersonal relationships within Her Majesty’s Prison Service It is argued that respect-as-esteem and respect-asconsideration are often confused and unequally emphasised in modern society This confusion is especially evident within the prison context where, due to the prison service’s ‘decency agenda’, the respectful treatment of inmates has become a topical issue What does respect mean in prison? Why is it important? How can respectful relationships be established between staff and inmates? This article discusses these questions and proposes
that there are different forms of respect possible between people It is argued that there needs to be a recognition of the nuances of meaning when we use the word respect and that ‘respect-as-consideration’ may be the form of respect most consistently achievable, at the present time, within interpersonal relationships in English and Welsh prisons

/pdf/reconsidering-respect-its-role-in-her-majesty-s-prison-4reylf8cht.pdf

Reconsidering Respect: Its Role in Her Majesty's Prison Service

This article examines the occurrence of fights, assaults, arguments and threats of violence between adult male prisoners in an English category C prison. The self-narratives of 40 men are analysed to investigate whether some prisoners engage in more confrontations than others due to a psychological need to protect their identity. The findings indicate that how an individual understands and constructs their self-narrative can influence their involvement in aggressive behaviour. Implications for interventions attempting to reduce aggression are explored.

/pdf/what-are-you-looking-at-prisoner-confrontations-and-the-ke35pohcv3.pdf

What are you Looking at?: Prisoner Confrontations and the Search for Respect

The movement for restorative justice (RJ) has struggled with marginalization on the soft end of the criminal justice system where the threat of net widening and iatrogenesis looms large. To realize the full potential of RJ as an alternative philosophy of justice, restorative practices need to expand beyond the world of adolescent and small-level offenses into the deeper end of the justice system. Disciplinary hearings inside of adult prisons may be a strategic space to advance this expansion. This article presents findings from a study of prison discipline in four U.K. prisons. The findings strongly suggest that in their current form such disciplinary proceedings are viewed by prisoners as lacking in legitimacy. Although modeled after the adversarial system of the criminal court, the adjudications were instead universally derided as “kangaroo courts” lacking the basic elements of procedural justice. Based on these findings, we argue that RJ interventions may offer a viable redress to these problem...

/pdf/rethinking-prison-disciplinary-processes-a-potential-future-qqn8qu6bgc.pdf

Michelle Butler

Papers

Self-governing prisons: Prison gangs in an international perspective

The Impact of Disrespect on Prisoners’ Aggression: Outcomes of Experimentally Inducing Violence Supportive Cognitions

Reconsidering Respect: Its Role in Her Majesty's Prison Service

What are you Looking at?: Prisoner Confrontations and the Search for Respect

Rethinking Prison Disciplinary Processes: A Potential Future for Restorative Justice