A study on the migration of organic pollutants from recycled paperboard packaging materials to solid food matrices

The migration (diffusion and equilibrium) processes of antioxidants (AOs) from polypropylene (PP) films of different thicknesses into n-heptane and 95% ethanol as fatty food simulants were analysed at 20, 37 and 60°C. Heptane fully extracted the AOs from the polymer while a partition equilibrium described the migration to ethanol. The kinetics of migration were also studied via the diffusion coefficients. As expected, diffusion was found to be faster when the polymer was in contact with heptane, due to polymer swelling by the solvent. The kinetics of the process in ethanol was described by different theoretical expressions which are discussed. Equations disregarding partition equilibrium failed to describe the process and the diffusion coefficient values obtained through them were much smaller than the actual ones and dependent on film thickness. The results also showed the significance of food simulant selection in the analysis of food-packaging interactions and migration variability with thickness.

Characterizing the migration of antioxidants from polypropylene into fatty food simulants

Chemical migration in food. Part 1 Regulation and quality control of chemical migration into food: Regulation of food contact materials in USA Regulation of food contact materials in the EU Traceability and food contact materials. Part 2 Assessing the risks and improving the safety of food contact materials: Compliance testing of chemical migration from food contact materials Exposure estimation - the missing element for assessing the safety of migrants from food Toxicology and risk assessment of chemical migration from food contact materials Mathematical modelling of chemical migration from food contact materials. Part 3 Chemical migration from particular food contact materials: Recycled plastics and chemical migration into food Plastics and chemical migration into food Metal packaging and chemical migration into food Rubber and chemical migration into food Food packaging inks and varnishes and chemical migration into food Food packaging adhesives and chemical migration into food Safety assessment of paper and board used in food packaging Chemical migration from multi-layer packaging Chemical migration from active and intelligent packaging materials Chemical migration from secondary packaging into foods Case study: Chemical migration from snack and take-away food packaging Case study: PET as a food contact material.

https://fmedicine.ajums.ac.ir/_vchfm/documents/lab/ebook/Chemical%20migration%20and%20food%20contact%20materials.pdf

Chemical migration and food contact materials.

When plastics are collected for recycling, possibly contaminated articles might be recycled into food packaging, and thus the contaminants might subsequently migrate into the food. Multilayer functional barriers may be used to delay and to reduce such migration. The contribution of the work reported here is to establish reference values (at 40°C) of diffusion coefficients and of activation energies to predict the functional barrier efficiency of a broad range of polymers (polyolefins, polystyrene, polyamide, PVC, PET, PVDC, [ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer], polyacrylonitrile and [ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer]). Diffusion coefficients (D) and activation energies (Ea) were measured and were compiled together with literature data. This allowed identification of new trends for the log D=f(molecular weight) relationships. The slopes were a function of the barrier efficiency of the polymer and temperature. The apparent activation energy of diffusion displayed two domains of variation with molecular weight (M). For low M (gases), there was little variation of Ea. Focusing on larger molecules, high barrier polymers displayed a larger dependence of Ea with M. The apparent activation energy decreased with T. These results suggest a discontinuity between rubbery and glassy polymers. © 2006 Taylor & Francis. Chemicals / CAS: ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, 24937-78-8; ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, 25067-34-9; polyacrylonitrile, 25014-41-9, 63231-45-8; polyamide, 63428-83-1; polyethylene terephthalate, 25038-59-9, 9003-68-3; polystyrene, 9003-53-6; polyvinylchloride, 9002-86-2; rubber, 9006-04-6; vinylidene chloride, 25323-30-2, 75-35-4; Acrylic Resins; ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, 25067-34-9; ethylenevinylacetate copolymer, 24937-78-8; Nylons; PL 732, 83136-87-2; Plastics; polyacrylonitrile, 25014-41-9; Polyenes; Polyethylene Terephthalates; Polymers; Polystyrenes; Polyvinyl Chloride, 9002-86-2; Polyvinyls

http://modmol.agroparistech.fr/pub/DATA_Dole_Ea.pdf

Typical diffusion behaviour in packaging polymers - application to functional barriers.

Food contamination can result from various interactions between food and packaging materials. Migration of volatiles, additives, monomers and oligomers from packaging materials into food or adsorption of volatile compounds from the food by the polymer are important considerations from safety, hygienic and economic points of view. The term 'migration' includes two phenomena (partition and diffusion) that can be important in determining the concentration of contaminants in a food system at any time. An estimation of the partition coefficient, K, in food/packaging systems has been the major objective of numerous different studies. Various parameters can influence K such as temperature, pH, the chemical structure of the migrant, molecular size and structure, fat content, and degrees of crystallinity. Some theoretical approaches such as the quantitative structure-property relationship method could be of interest in the near future.

Partition coefficients in food/packaging systems: a review Part A Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment

The main aim of the present work was to evaluate the suitability of recycled paperboard coated on its internal face for use in containers that contact fried foods. Suitability was assessed in terms...

Toward a test of overall migration from the coated face of a recycled paperboard food contact material into fatty food simulants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.

Miguel Sarria-Vidal

Papers

Toward a test of overall migration from the coated face of a recycled paperboard food contact material into fatty food simulants

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants